Glandular trichomes are epidermal outgrowths that are the site of biosynthesis and storage of large quantities of specialized metabolites. Besides their role in the protection of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses, they have attracted interest owing to the importance of the compounds they produce for human use; for example, as pharmaceuticals, flavor and fragrance ingredients, or pesticides. Here, we review what novel concepts investigations on glandular trichomes have brought to the field of specialized metabolism, particularly with respect to chemical and enzymatic diversity. Furthermore, the next challenges in the field are understanding the metabolic network underlying the high productivity of glandular trichomes and the transport and storage of metabolites. Another emerging area is the development of glandular trichomes. Studies in some model species, essentially tomato, tobacco, and Artemisia, are now providing the first molecular clues, but many open questions remain: How is the distribution and density of different trichome types on the leaf surface controlled? When is the decision for an epidermal cell to differentiate into one type of trichome or another taken? Recent advances in gene editing make it now possible to address these questions and promise exciting discoveries in the near future.

中文翻译：

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腺毛：具有模型状态的微器官？


腺毛是表皮的生长物，是生物合成和储存大量专门代谢物的场所。除了它们在保护植物免受生物和非生物胁迫方面的作用外，它们还由于它们产生的化合物对人类使用的重要性而引起了人们的兴趣；例如，作为药物、香精香料成分或杀虫剂。在这里，我们回顾了腺毛状体的研究给专门代谢领域带来了哪些新概念，特别是在化学和酶多样性方面。此外，该领域的下一个挑战是了解腺毛高生产力以及代谢物的运输和储存背后的代谢网络。另一个新兴领域是腺毛的发育。对一些模型物种（主要是番茄、烟草和蒿属）的研究现在提供了第一批分子线索，但仍然存在许多悬而未决的问题：叶表面不同毛状体类型的分布和密度是如何控制的？表皮细胞何时决定分化成一种毛状体或另一种毛状体？基因编辑的最新进展使解决这些问题成为可能，并有望在不久的将来出现令人兴奋的发现。