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A study of aanat and asmt expression in the three-spined stickleback eye and skin: Not only "on the way to melatonin".
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110635
Konrad Pomianowski 1 , Magdalena Gozdowska 1 , Artur Burzyński 1 , Hanna Kalamarz-Kubiak 1 , Ewa Sokołowska 1 , Agnieszka Kijewska 1 , Ewa Kulczykowska 1
Affiliation  

Melatonin synthesis is controlled by aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT: EC 2.3.1.87) acetylating serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) to N-acetylserotonin (NAS), and N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT: EC 2.1.1.4) methylating NAS to melatonin (Mel; N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). We examined the levels of expression of the aanat and asmt genes, Mel concentrations as well as AANAT isozyme activity in the eyeball (with retina) and skin of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), at noon and midnight. We found mRNA of four genes (aanat1a, snat, asmt and asmt2) in the eyeball, and two (aanat1a and asmt2) in the skin. The presence of two transcripts of genes encoding AANAT and two of ASMT in the eyeball at noon and midnight, suggests activity of AANAT and ASMT isozymes in metabolic pathways besides "the way to melatonin", all the more so because day/night changes in Mel concentration do not follow the changes in either the expression of genes or the activity of AANAT. The high effectiveness of noon NAS synthesis in the eyeball at low substrate concentrations, which is not reflected in high Mel production, suggests the function of eye NAS beyond that of a precursor to the biosynthesis of Mel. The inhibition of AANAT isozyme activity by product observed in the eyeball may be one of the mechanisms of 5-HT husbanding in the eye (retina). The presence of transcripts of genes encoding both AANAT and ASMT and the activity of AANAT, at noon and midnight, supports a local Mel synthesis in the sticklebacks' skin.

中文翻译:

研究三轴棘背式眼睛和皮肤中aanat和asmt的表达:不仅“在褪黑激素的路上”。

褪黑激素的合成受到芳烷基胺N-乙酰基转移酶(AANAT:EC 2.3.1.87)的控制,将5-羟色胺(5-羟基色胺; 5-HT)乙酰化为N-乙酰基5-羟色胺(NAS)和N-乙酰基5-羟色胺O-甲基转移酶(ASMT:EC 2.1.1.4) )将NAS甲基化为褪黑激素(Mel; N-乙酰基-5-甲氧基色胺)。我们在中午和午夜检查了三刺棘背鱼(Gasterosteus aculeatus)的眼球(带有视网膜)和皮肤中的aanat和asmt基因的表达水平,Mel浓度以及AANAT同工酶活性。我们在眼球中发现了四个基因(aanat1a,snat,asmt和asmt2)的mRNA,在皮肤中发现了两个基因(aanat1a和asmt2)的mRNA。在中午和午夜,眼球中存在两个编码AANAT的基因转录本和两个ASMT的基因,这表明AANAT和ASMT同工酶的活性除了“ 之所以如此,是因为梅尔浓度的昼夜变化不跟随基因表达或AANAT活性的变化。在低底物浓度下,眼球中正午NAS合成的高效性并没有反映在Mel的高产量中,这表明,眼睛NAS的功能超越了Mel生物合成的前体。在眼球中观察到的产物对AANAT同工酶活性的抑制可能是5-HT配给眼睛(视网膜)的机制之一。在中午和午夜时分,编码AANAT和ASMT的基因的转录本的存在以及AANAT的活性支持了stick背皮肤中的局部Mel合成。之所以如此,是因为梅尔浓度的昼夜变化不跟随基因表达或AANAT活性的变化。在低底物浓度下,眼球中正午NAS合成的高效性并没有反映在Mel的高产量中,这表明,眼睛NAS的功能超越了Mel生物合成的前体。在眼球中观察到的产物对AANAT同工酶活性的抑制可能是5-HT配给眼睛(视网膜)的机制之一。在中午和午夜时分,编码AANAT和ASMT的基因的转录本的存在以及AANAT的活性支持了stick背皮肤中的局部Mel合成。Mel的高产量并未反映出这一点,这表明,NAS的功能超出了Mel的生物合成前体。在眼球中观察到的产物对AANAT同工酶活性的抑制可能是5-HT配给眼睛(视网膜)的机制之一。在中午和午夜时分,编码AANAT和ASMT的基因的转录本的存在以及AANAT的活性支持了stick背皮肤中的局部Mel合成。Mel的高产量并未反映出这一点,这表明,NAS的功能超出了Mel的生物合成前体。在眼球中观察到的产物对AANAT同工酶活性的抑制可能是5-HT配给眼睛(视网膜)的机制之一。在中午和午夜时分,编码AANAT和ASMT的基因的转录本的存在以及AANAT的活性支持了stick背皮肤中的局部Mel合成。
更新日期:2019-12-11
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