Volumetric muscle loss (VML) resulting from injuries to skeletal muscles has profound consequences in healthcare. Current VML treatment based on the use of soft materials including biopolymers and decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is challenging due to their incapability of stimulating the formation of satellite cells (SCs), muscle stem cells, which are required for muscle regeneration. Additional stem cells and/or growth factors have to be incorporated in these constructs for improved efficacy. Here we report an approach by using bioactive glasses capable of regenerating VML without growth factors or stem cells. One silicate and two borate compositions with different degradation rates (2.4% for silicate 45S5; 5.3% and 30.4% for borate 8A3B and 13-93B3, respectively, in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C for 30 days) were used for this study. Our in vitro models demonstrate the ability of ions released from bioactive glasses in promoting angiogenesis and stimulating cells to secrete critical muscle-related growth factors. We further show the activation of SCs and the regeneration of skeletal muscles in a rat VML model. Considering these promising results, this work reveals a potentially simple and safe approach to regenerating skeletal muscle defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: (1) This is the first report on an inorganic material used in skeletal muscle regeneration through in vitro and in vivo models. (2) Bioactive glass is found to activate the production of satellite cells (SCs), muscle stem cells, without the incorporation of extra stem cells or growth factors. (3) The work represents a simple, safe, low-cost yet efficient means for healing muscle defects.

中文翻译：

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玻璃激活的容积性肌肉丢失的再生。

骨骼肌受伤导致的体积性肌肉丢失（VML）在医疗保健方面具有深远的影响。当前基于使用包括生物聚合物和脱细胞的细胞外基质（dECM）在内的软材料的VML治疗具有挑战性，因为它们无法刺激肌肉再生所需的卫星细胞（SCs），肌肉干细胞的形成。必须将额外的干细胞和/或生长因子掺入这些构建物中以提高功效。在这里，我们报告了一种使用生物活性玻璃的方法，该玻璃能够在没有生长因子或干细胞的情况下再生VML。一种降解速率不同的硅酸盐和两种硼酸盐组成（硅酸盐45S5的降解率为2.4％；硼酸8A3B和13-93B3的降解率分别为5.3％和30.4％，在模拟体液（SBF）中在37°C下放置30天）进行了这项研究。我们的体外模型证明了从生物活性玻璃中释放的离子具有促进血管生成和刺激细胞分泌关键的肌肉相关生长因子的能力。我们进一步显示了在大鼠VML模型中SC的激活和骨骼肌的再生。考虑到这些有希望的结果，这项工作揭示了一种潜在的简单安全的方法来再生骨骼肌缺陷。意义声明：（1）这是关于通过体外和体内模型用于骨骼肌再生的无机材料的首次报道。（2）发现生物活性玻璃可激活卫星细胞（SCs），肌肉干细胞的产生，而无需掺入额外的干细胞或生长因子。（3）作品代表简单，安全，