Unlike retail stores, in which the user is forced to be physically present and active during restricted opening hours, online shops may be more convenient, functional and efficient. However, traditional online shops often have a narrow bandwidth for product visualizations and interactive techniques and lack a compelling shopping context. In this paper, we report a study on eliciting user-defined gestures for shopping tasks in an immersive VR (virtual reality) environment. We made a methodological contribution by providing a varied practice for producing more usable freehand gestures than traditional elicitation studies. Using our method, we developed a gesture taxonomy and generated a user-defined gesture set. To validate the usability of the derived gesture set, we conducted a comparative study and answered questions related to the performance, error count, user preference and effort required from end-users to use freehand gestures compared with traditional immersive VR interaction techniques, such as the virtual handle controller and ray-casting techniques. Experimental results show that the freehand-gesture-based interaction technique was rated to be the best in terms of task load, user experience, and presence without the loss of performance (i.e., speed and error count). Based on our findings, we also developed several design guidelines for gestural interaction.

中文翻译：

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了解徒手手势：沉浸式VR购物应用程序的徒手手势交互研究

与零售商店不同（在零售商店中，用户在受限的开放时间内必须亲自出现并处于活跃状态），在线商店可能更方便，功能更高效。但是，传统的在线商店通常在产品可视化和交互技术方面的带宽很窄，并且缺乏引人注目的购物环境。在本文中，我们报告了一项关于在沉浸式VR（虚拟现实）环境中引发用户定义的购物任务手势的研究。通过提供多种实践来产生比传统启发研究更多的可用徒手手势，我们做出了方法论上的贡献。使用我们的方法，我们开发了手势分类法并生成了用户定义的手势集。为了验证派生手势集的可用性，我们进行了一项比较研究，并回答了与性能有关的问题，虚拟手柄控制器和射线-铸造技术。实验结果表明，在不影响性能（即速度和错误计数）的情况下，基于徒手手势的交互技术在任务负载，用户体验和状态方面被评为最佳。基于我们的发现，我们还为手势交互开发了一些设计指南。