Bacterial cell surface adhesins play a major role in facilitating host colonization and subsequent establishment of infection. The surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, owing to the complex architecture of its cell envelope, expresses numerous adhesins with varied chemical nature, including proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins and glycopolymers. Studies on mycobacterial adhesins show that they bind with multifarious host receptors and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In this review we have highlighted the adhesins that are abundantly present on the mycobacterial surface and their interactions with host receptors. M. tuberculosis interacts with various host cell surface receptors such as toll like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, scavenger receptors, and Fc and complement receptors. Apart from these, ECM components like fibronectin, collagen, elastin, laminin, fibrillin and vitronectin also provide binding sites for surface adhesins of the tubercle bacilli. M. tuberculosis adhesins include proteins with and without signal peptide sequence and transmembrane proteins. Other surface adhesin macromolecules of M. tuberculosis comprises of lipids, glycolipids and glycopolymers. The interaction between the mycobacterial adhesins and their host receptors result in adhesion of the microbe to the host cells, induction of immune response and aid in the pathogenesis of the disease. A thorough understanding of the different M. tuberculosis surface adhesins and host receptors will provide a better picture of interaction between them at molecular level. The information gained on adhesins and host receptors will prove beneficial in developing novel therapeutic strategies such as the use of anti-adhesin molecules to hinder the adhesion of bacteria to the host cells, thereby preventing establishment of infection. The surface molecules discussed in this review will also benefit in identification of new drug targets, diagnostic markers or vaccine candidates against the deadly pathogen.

细菌细胞表面粘附素在促进宿主定植和随后的感染建立中起主要作用。由于其细胞包膜的复杂结构，结核分枝杆菌的表面表达了许多具有不同化学性质的粘附素，包括蛋白质，脂质，脂蛋白，糖蛋白和糖聚合物。对分枝杆菌粘附素的研究表明，它们与多种宿主受体和细胞外基质（ECM）成分结合。在这篇综述中，我们着重介绍了分枝杆菌表面上大量存在的粘附素及其与宿主受体的相互作用。结核分枝杆菌与各种宿主细胞表面受体相互作用，例如toll样受体，C型凝集素受体，清道夫受体以及Fc和补体受体。除此之外，ECM成分，如纤连蛋白，胶原蛋白，弹性蛋白，层粘连蛋白，纤连蛋白和玻连蛋白还为结核杆菌的表面粘附素提供了结合位点。结核分枝杆菌粘附素包括具有和不具有信号肽序列的蛋白和跨膜蛋白。结核分枝杆菌的其他表面粘附素大分子由脂质，糖脂和糖聚合物组成。分枝杆菌粘附素与其宿主受体之间的相互作用导致微生物粘附于宿主细胞，诱导免疫反应并有助于疾病的发病。深入了解不同的结核分枝杆菌表面粘附素和宿主受体将在分子水平上提供它们之间相互作用的更好图像。在粘附素和宿主受体上获得的信息将有助于开发新的治疗策略，例如使用抗粘附素分子阻止细菌粘附到宿主细胞，从而防止感染的建立。本综述中讨论的表面分子也将有助于识别针对致命病原体的新药靶标，诊断标记或候选疫苗。