Using a transcriptomic approach, we performed a pilot study in healthy subjects to evaluate the changes in gene expression induced by grape consumption. Blood from twenty subjects was collected at baseline (T0), after 21 days of grape-rich diet (T1) and after one-month washout (T2). Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from six subjects identified 930 differentially expressed transcripts. Gene functional analysis revealed changes (at T1 and/or T2) suggestive of antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects, confirming and extending previous finding on the same subjects. Moreover, we observed several other favourable changes in the transcription of genes involved in crucial processes such as immune response, DNA and protein repair, autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Finally, we detected significant changes in many long non-coding RNAs genes, whose regulatory functions are being increasingly appreciated. Altogether, our data suggest that a grape diet may exert its beneficial effects by targeting different strategic pathways.

使用转录组学方法，我们对健康受试者进行了一项初步研究，以评估食用葡萄诱导的基因表达的变化。在富含葡萄的饮食21天后（T1）和冲洗一个月后（T2），在基线（T0），二十个受试者的血液中收集血液。来自六名受试者的外周血单核细胞的基因表达谱鉴定出930种差异表达的转录本。基因功能分析显示（在T1和/或T2处）变化提示抗血栓形成和抗炎作用，证实并扩展了先前在同一受试者上的发现。此外，我们观察到了关键过程中涉及的基因转录的其他一些有利变化，例如免疫应答，DNA和蛋白质修复，自噬和线粒体生物发生。最后，我们检测到许多长的非编码RNA基因的显着变化，其调控功能正日益受到人们的重视。总而言之，我们的数据表明，葡萄饮食可以通过针对不同的战略途径发挥其有益作用。