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A genetically validated approach for detecting inorganic polyphosphates in plants.
The Plant Journal ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-13 , DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14642
Jinsheng Zhu 1 , Sylvain Loubéry 2 , Larissa Broger 1 , Youjun Zhang 3, 4 , Laura Lorenzo-Orts 1 , Anne Utz-Pugin 2 , Alisdair R Fernie 3 , Chang Young-Tae 5 , Michael Hothorn 1
Affiliation  

Inorganic polyphosphates (polyPs) are linear polymers of orthophosphate units linked by phosphoanhydride bonds. Polyphosphates represent important stores of phosphate and energy, and are abundant in many pro- and eukaryotic organisms. In plants, the existence of polyPs has been established using microscopy and biochemical extraction methods that are now known to produce artifacts. Here we use a polyP-specific dye and a polyP-binding domain to detect polyPs in plant and algal cells. To develop the staining protocol, we induced polyP granules in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis cells by heterologous expression of Escherichia coli polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1). Over-expression of PPK1 but not of a catalytically impaired version of the enzyme leads to severe growth phenotypes, suggesting that ATP-dependent synthesis and accumulation of polyPs in the plant cytosol is toxic. We next crossed stable PPK1-expressing Arabidopsis lines with plants expressing the polyP-binding domain of E. coli exopolyphosphatase (PPX1c), which co-localized with PPK1-generated polyP granules. These granules were stained by the polyP-specific dye JC-D7 and appeared as electron-dense structures in transmission electron microscopy sections. Using the polyP staining protocol derived from these experiments, we screened for polyP stores in different organs and tissues of both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. While we could not detect polyP granules in higher plants, we could visualize the polyP-rich acidocalcisomes in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

中文翻译:

一种经过基因验证的方法,用于检测植物中的无机多磷酸盐。

无机多磷酸盐(polyPs)是通过磷酸酐键连接的正磷酸盐单元的线性聚合物。聚磷酸盐代表了磷酸盐和能量的重要存储,并且在许多原核生物和真核生物中含量丰富。在植物中,polyPs的存在已经通过使用显微镜和生化提取方法来确定,这些方法现在已知会产生伪像。在这里,我们使用polyP特异性染料和polyP结合域来检测植物和藻类细胞中的polyPs。为了开发染色方案,我们通过异源表达大肠杆菌多磷酸盐激酶1(PPK1)在本氏烟草和拟南芥细胞中诱导了polyP颗粒。PPK1的过表达而不是酶的催化受损形式导致严重的生长表型,提示植物细胞质中ATP依赖的polyPs合成和积累是有毒的。接下来,我们将稳定的表达PPK1的拟南芥系与表达大肠杆菌外切多聚磷酸酶(PPX1c)的polyP结合结构域的植物杂交,该多肽与PPK1生成的polyP颗粒共定位。这些颗粒被polyP特异性染料JC-D7染色,并在透射电子显微镜下显示为电子致密结构。使用源自这些实验的polyP染色方案,我们筛选了单子叶和双子叶植物在不同器官和组织中的polyP存储。尽管我们无法在高等植物中检测到polyP颗粒,但我们可以在绿藻莱茵衣藻中看到富含polyP的酸钙同工酶。接下来,我们将稳定的表达PPK1的拟南芥系与表达大肠杆菌外切多聚磷酸酶(PPX1c)的polyP结合结构域的植物杂交,该多肽与PPK1生成的polyP颗粒共定位。这些颗粒被polyP特异性染料JC-D7染色,并在透射电子显微镜下显示为电子致密结构。使用源自这些实验的polyP染色方案,我们筛选了单子叶和双子叶植物在不同器官和组织中的polyP存储。尽管我们无法在高等植物中检测到polyP颗粒,但我们可以在绿藻莱茵衣藻中看到富含polyP的酸钙同工酶。接下来,我们将稳定的表达PPK1的拟南芥系与表达大肠杆菌外切多聚磷酸酶(PPX1c)的polyP结合结构域的植物杂交,该多肽与PPK1生成的polyP颗粒共定位。这些颗粒被polyP特异性染料JC-D7染色,并在透射电子显微镜下显示为电子致密结构。使用源自这些实验的polyP染色方案,我们筛选了单子叶和双子叶植物在不同器官和组织中的polyP存储。尽管我们无法在高等植物中检测到polyP颗粒,但我们可以在绿藻莱茵衣藻中看到富含polyP的酸钙同工酶。这些颗粒被polyP特异性染料JC-D7染色,并在透射电子显微镜下显示为电子致密结构。使用源自这些实验的polyP染色方案,我们筛选了单子叶和双子叶植物在不同器官和组织中的polyP存储。虽然我们无法在高等植物中检测到polyP颗粒,但我们可以在绿藻莱茵衣藻中看到富含polyP的酸钙同工酶。这些颗粒被polyP特异性染料JC-D7染色,并在透射电子显微镜下显示为电子致密结构。使用源自这些实验的polyP染色方案,我们筛选了单子叶和双子叶植物在不同器官和组织中的polyP存储。虽然我们无法在高等植物中检测到polyP颗粒,但我们可以在绿藻莱茵衣藻中看到富含polyP的酸钙同工酶。
更新日期:2020-01-13
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