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Metabolic engineering strategies for consolidated production of lactic acid from lignocellulosic biomass.
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-04 , DOI: 10.1002/bab.1869
Roberto Mazzoli 1
Affiliation  

Lactic acid (LA) is one of the most desired molecules by the chemical industry. Current expansion of LA market is mainly driven by its application as building block for the synthesis of polylactide (PLA), that is, a family of biodegradable and biocompatible plastic polymers. PLA can potentially replace oil-derived polymers as general purpose plastic, but current LA prices fails to make PLA cost-competitive with traditional plastics. Nowadays, LA is mainly produced by fermentation of expensive starchy biomass. Hopefully, cheaper lignocellulosic feedstock could be used in future second-generation biorefinery processes. However, most efficient natural LA producers cannot ferment lignocellulose without prior biomass saccharification. Metabolic engineering may develop improved microorganisms that feature both efficient biomass hydrolysis and LA production, thus supporting consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), that is, one-pot fermentation, of lignocellulose to LA. CBP could dramatically reduce LA production cost, thus contributing to the expansion of more environmental sustainable plastics and commodity chemicals. This review presents an overview of "recombinant cellulolytic strategies", mainly consisting in introducing cellulase systems in native producers of LA, and "native cellulolytic strategies" aimed at improving LA production in natural cellulolytic microorganisms. Issues and perspectives of these approaches will be discussed.

中文翻译:

从木质纤维素生物质综合生产乳酸的代谢工程策略。

乳酸(LA)是化学工业中最需要的分子之一。洛杉矶市场的当前扩展主要是由其作为合成聚丙交酯(PLA)的基础材料应用而推动的,PLA是一类可生物降解且具有生物相容性的塑料聚合物。PLA可能会取代石油衍生的聚合物作为通用塑料,但目前的LA价格无法使PLA与传统塑料在价格上具有竞争力。如今,洛杉矶主要通过发酵昂贵的淀粉状生物质来生产。希望将更便宜的木质纤维素原料用于未来的第二代生物精炼工艺中。但是,如果不事先进行生物质糖化,最有效的天然洛杉矶生产商就无法发酵木质纤维素。代谢工程可能会开发出具有有效生物量水解和LA生成特征的改良微生物,从而支持木质纤维素向LA的整合生物处理(CBP),即一锅发酵。CBP可以大大降低洛杉矶的生产成本,从而有助于扩大环境可持续性更强的塑料和日用化学品的生产。这篇综述介绍了“重组纤维素分解策略”的概况,主要包括在洛杉矶本地生产者中引入纤维素酶系统,以及旨在提高天然纤维素分解微生物中洛杉矶产量的“天然纤维素分解策略”。将讨论这些方法的问题和观点。CBP可以大大降低洛杉矶的生产成本,从而有助于扩大环境可持续性更强的塑料和日用化学品的生产。这篇综述介绍了“重组纤维素分解策略”的概况,主要包括在洛杉矶本地生产者中引入纤维素酶系统,以及旨在提高天然纤维素分解微生物中洛杉矶产量的“天然纤维素分解策略”。将讨论这些方法的问题和观点。CBP可以大大降低洛杉矶的生产成本,从而有助于扩大环境可持续性更强的塑料和日用化学品的生产。这篇综述介绍了“重组纤维素分解策略”的概况,主要包括在洛杉矶本地生产者中引入纤维素酶系统,以及旨在提高天然纤维素分解微生物中洛杉矶产量的“天然纤维素分解策略”。将讨论这些方法的问题和观点。旨在提高天然纤维素分解微生物中的LA产量。将讨论这些方法的问题和观点。旨在提高天然纤维素分解微生物中的LA产量。将讨论这些方法的问题和观点。
更新日期:2020-02-04
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