Ticks must durably suppress vertebrate host responses (hemostasis, inflammation, immunity) to avoid rejection and act as vectors of many pathogenic microorganisms that cause disease in humans and animals. Transcriptomics and proteomics studies have been used to study tick-host-pathogen interactions and have facilitated the systematic characterization of salivary composition and molecular dynamics throughout tick feeding. Tick saliva contains a complement of protease inhibitors that are differentially produced during feeding, many of which inhibit blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, vasodilation, and immunity. Here we focus on two major groups of protease inhibitors, the small molecular weight Kunitz inhibitors and cystatins. We discuss their role in tick-host-pathogen interactions, how they mediate the interaction between ticks and their hosts, and how they might be exploited both by pathogens to invade hosts and as candidates for the treatment of various human pathologies.

中文翻译：

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tick唾液和唾液腺中的小蛋白酶抑制剂及其在tick-宿主-病原体相互作用中的作用。

壁虱必须持久地抑制脊椎动物的宿主反应（止血，炎症，免疫力），以避免排斥反应，并成为导致人类和动物疾病的许多病原微生物的媒介。转录组学和蛋白质组学研究已用于研究tick-宿主-病原体之间的相互作用，并促进了整个tick喂养过程中唾液成分和分子动力学的系统表征。ick虫唾液中含有补充的蛋白酶抑制剂，这些蛋白酶抑制剂在进食过程中会产生差异，其中许多抑制剂会抑制血液凝结，血小板凝集，血管舒张和免疫力。在这里，我们集中于蛋白酶抑制剂的两大类，小分子量的Kunitz抑制剂和胱抑素。我们讨论它们在in-宿主-病原体相互作用中的作用，