The dermal adipocytes, superficial fascia and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) exist in the interspaces between the dermis and muscular fascia. They are adjacent to each other and traditionally recognized as one SAT. Recently, the dermal adipocyte was redefined as a unique population independent from the SAT. Also, we identified a novel type of adipogenic progenitors in rat superficial fascia. This study aimed to examine cytological and functional characteristics of fascial adipocytes in rats. Superficial fascia had no adipocytes in neonatal rats but gradually appeared numbers of adipocytes in growing rats. Adipogenic progenitors were found to reside in fascia and had strong ability in spontaneous and induced adipogenic differentiation in vitro. Differentiated fascial adipocytes versus subcutaneous or visceral adipocytes expressed increased adipose triglyceride lipase but decreased beta-adrenoreceptor, perilipin-1 and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), thus having high basal lipolysis but low lipolysis response to catecholamines. Phosphorylation of perilipin-1 and HSL and translocation of HSL to lipid droplets were attenuated in response to catecholamines rather than post-adrenoreceptoral lipolytic stimulators. The results suggested that superficial fascia was an origin of adipocytes with distinct developmental, cytological and functional characteristics. We proposed that fascial adipocytes could be considered as a unique population of adipocytes in the body. The fascia origin of adipocytes as an adipogenic model might logically explain fat neogenesis occurred at anatomical locations where originally exist no adipose tissues and thereby no adipose-derived stromal precursors. Also, the special histoanatomical relations and overlaps between the dermis, superficial fascia, SAT, and their adipocytes were discussed.

中文翻译：

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大鼠筋膜脂肪细胞的细胞学和功能特征：独特的脂肪细胞群。

真皮脂肪细胞，浅筋膜和皮下脂肪组织（SAT）存在于真皮和肌肉筋膜之间的间隙中。它们彼此相邻，传统上被认为是一门SAT。最近，皮肤脂肪细胞被重新定义为独立于SAT的独特种群。此外，我们在大鼠浅筋膜中鉴定了一种新型的成脂祖细胞。这项研究旨在检查大鼠筋膜脂肪细胞的细胞学和功能特征。新生大鼠的浅筋膜没有脂肪细胞，但在成年大鼠中逐渐出现大量的脂肪细胞。发现成脂祖细胞位于筋膜中，并且在体外自发和诱导成脂分化中具有很强的能力。分化的筋膜脂肪细胞与皮下或内脏脂肪细胞相比，甘油三酸酯脂肪酶增加，但β-肾上腺素能受体，perilipin-1和激素敏感性脂肪酶（HSL）降低，因此基础脂解作用高，但对儿茶酚胺的脂解作用低。响应儿茶酚胺而不是肾上腺素能受体后的脂解刺激剂，perilipin-1和HSL的磷酸化以及HSL向脂质滴的转运减弱。结果表明，浅筋膜是脂肪细胞的起源，具有明显的发育，细胞学和功能特征。我们提出筋膜脂肪细胞可以被认为是体内脂肪细胞的独特群体。作为脂肪形成模型的脂肪细胞的筋膜起源可能在逻辑上解释了脂肪新生，该脂肪新生发生在最初不存在脂肪组织且因此不存在源自脂肪的基质前体的解剖位置。此外，还讨论了特殊的组织解剖学关系以及真皮，浅筋膜，SAT及其脂肪细胞之间的重叠。