Individual differences in behaviour explain variation in survival: a meta-analysis.,Ecology Letters

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Individual differences in behaviour explain variation in survival: a meta-analysis.
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-06 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.13438
Maria Moiron ₁ , Kate L Laskowski ₂ , Petri T Niemelä ₃

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Research focusing on among-individual differences in behaviour ('animal personality') has been blooming for over a decade. Central theories explaining the maintenance of such behavioural variation posits that individuals expressing greater "risky" behaviours should suffer higher mortality. Here, for the first time, we synthesize the existing empirical evidence for this key prediction. Our results did not support this prediction as there was no directional relationship between riskier behaviour and greater mortality; however there was a significant absolute relationship between behaviour and survival. In total, behaviour explained a significant, but small, portion (5.8%) of the variance in survival. We also found that risky (vs. "shy") behavioural types live significantly longer in the wild, but not in the laboratory. This suggests that individuals expressing risky behaviours might be of overall higher quality but the lack of predation pressure and resource restrictions mask this effect in laboratory environments. Our work demonstrates that individual differences in behaviour explain important differences in survival but not in the direction predicted by theory. Importantly, this suggests that models predicting behaviour to be a mediator of reproduction-survival trade-offs may need revision and/or empiricists may need to reconsider their proxies of risky behaviours when testing such theory.

中文翻译：

行为的个体差异解释了生存的差异：荟萃分析。

十多年来，专注于个体间行为差异（“动物个性”）的研究蓬勃发展。解释维持这种行为变异的核心理论认为，表现出更大“风险”行为的个体应该遭受更高的死亡率。在这里，我们第一次综合了这一关键预测的现有经验证据。我们的结果不支持这一预测，因为高风险行为和高死亡率之间没有方向性关系；然而，行为与生存之间存在显着的绝对关系。总的来说，行为解释了生存差异的一个重要但很小的部分（5.8%）。我们还发现，冒险（相对于“害羞”）行为类型在野外的寿命明显更长，但在实验室中则不然。这表明表达危险行为的个体可能总体上质量更高，但缺乏捕食压力和资源限制掩盖了实验室环境中的这种影响。我们的工作表明，行为的个体差异解释了生存的重要差异，而不是理论预测的方向。重要的是，这表明预测行为是繁殖-生存权衡的中介的模型可能需要修改和/或经验主义者在测试此类理论时可能需要重新考虑他们的风险行为代理。我们的工作表明，行为的个体差异解释了生存的重要差异，而不是理论预测的方向。重要的是，这表明预测行为是繁殖-生存权衡的中介的模型可能需要修改和/或经验主义者在测试此类理论时可能需要重新考虑他们的风险行为代理。我们的工作表明，行为的个体差异解释了生存的重要差异，而不是理论预测的方向。重要的是，这表明预测行为是繁殖-生存权衡的中介的模型可能需要修改和/或经验主义者在测试此类理论时可能需要重新考虑他们的风险行为代理。

更新日期：2019-12-07

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