Abstract In this study, the relationships among environmental pollution, terrorism, foreign direct investments (FDI), energy consumption and economic growth is investigated for Afghanistan, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Syria, Somalia, Thailand and Yemen covering the 1975–2017 period utilizing Panel cointegration tests, ANOVA tests, long-run estimators and panel trivariate Causality tests. ANOVA results are in favor of evidence of homogeneity between the selected countries. Long-run estimators reveal that terrorism, FDI, energy consumption and economic growth have statistically significant effects on environmental pollution. Panel trivariate Causality test determines the causal relationship between the variables. Accordingly, one-way causal nexus from terrorism to Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and from FDI inflows to CO2 emissions are found in the short-run. In the long-run, with strong causality results, the evidence of bi-directional causality between CO2 emissions and other variables, namely, terrorism, FDI inflow energy consumption and economic growth are detected.

中文翻译：

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恐怖主义和外国直接投资对环境污染的影响：来自阿富汗、伊拉克、尼日利亚、巴基斯坦、菲律宾、叙利亚、索马里、泰国和也门的证据

摘要 本研究调查了阿富汗、伊拉克、尼日利亚、巴基斯坦、菲律宾、叙利亚、索马里、泰国和也门 1975-2017 年环境污染、恐怖主义、外国直接投资 (FDI)、能源消耗和经济增长之间的关系。期间利用面板协整检验、方差分析检验、长期估计量和面板三变量因果关系检验。方差分析结果支持所选国家之间的同质性证据。长期估计表明，恐怖主义、外国直接投资、能源消耗和经济增长对环境污染具有统计上的显着影响。面板三变量因果关系检验确定变量之间的因果关系。因此，从恐怖主义到二氧化碳 (CO2) 排放和从外国直接投资流入到二氧化碳排放的单向因果关系是在短期内发现的。长期来看，在因果关系结果较强的情况下，发现了 CO2 排放与其他变量，即恐怖主义、FDI 流入能源消耗和经济增长之间存在双向因果关系的证据。