Relatively little is known about the effects of endogenous and exogenous steroid hormones on ecologically relevant behavioral and cognitive phenotypes in women, such as emotion recognition, despite the widespread use of steroid hormone-altering hormonal contraceptives (HCs). Though some previous studies have examined the effect of HC use, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone on emotion recognition in women, they have been limited by cross-sectional designs, small sample sizes (total n < 100), and compromised statistical power to detect significant effects. Using data from two test sessions in a large sample of naturally cycling women (NC; n = 192) and women on HCs (n = 203), we found no group differences in emotion recognition; further, the lack of group differences in emotion recognition was not modulated by item difficulty or emotional valence. Among NC women who provided saliva samples across two sessions that were assayed for estradiol and progesterone concentrations, we found no compelling evidence across models that between-subject differences and within-subject fluctuations in these ovarian hormones predicted emotion recognition accuracy, with the exception that between-subjects estradiol negatively predicted emotion recognition for emotions of neutral valence (p = .042). Among HC women who provided saliva samples across two sessions that were assayed for testosterone, we found no compelling evidence that between-subjects differences and within-subject fluctuations in testosterone predicted emotion recognition accuracy. Overall, our analyses provide little support for the idea that circulating endogenous or exogenous ovarian hormones influence emotion recognition in women.

中文翻译：

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没有证据表明激素避孕药的使用或循环性类固醇可以预测复杂的情绪识别。

尽管广泛使用改变类固醇激素的激素避孕药 (HC)，但对内源性和外源性类固醇激素对女性生态相关行为和认知表型（例如情绪识别）的影响知之甚少。虽然之前的一些研究已经检查了 HC 使用、雌二醇、孕酮和睾酮对女性情绪识别的影响，但它们受到横断面设计、小样本量（总 n < 100）和检测统计能力的限制显着的影响。使用来自自然骑行女性（NC；n = 192）和 HC 女性（n = 203）的大样本的两个测试阶段的数据，我们发现情绪识别没有组间差异；更远，情绪识别中缺乏群体差异不受项目难度或情绪效价的影响。在两次会话中提供唾液样本并检测雌二醇和孕酮浓度的 NC 女性中，我们没有发现跨模型的令人信服的证据表明这些卵巢激素的受试者之间的差异和受试者内的波动可以预测情绪识别的准确性，除了-受试者雌二醇负面预测中性价情绪的情绪识别（p = .042）。在两次测试中提供唾液样本的 HC 女性中，我们没有发现令人信服的证据表明受试者之间的差异和受试者内睾酮的波动可以预测情绪识别的准确性。总体，