Subtle substitution controls the rainbow chromatic behaviour of multi-stimuli responsive core-expanded pyrenes†,Materials Chemistry Frontiers

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Subtle substitution controls the rainbow chromatic behaviour of multi-stimuli responsive core-expanded pyrenes†
Materials Chemistry Frontiers ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-06 , DOI: 10.1039/c9qm00710e
David T. Hogan _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Benjamin S. Gelfand _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Denis M. Spasyuk _{4,

5,

6} , Todd C. Sutherland _{1,

2,

3,

4}

Affiliation

Materials that respond to multiple environmental stimuli by altering a physical property such as colour are fundamental to development of smart devices. Five core-expanded pyrene derivatives are presented to demonstrate that substitution by ring-fusion and addition of distal groups controls responsiveness to mechanical force, solvent, and acid in both solution and solid-state. Contained herein is the first direct observation of the subtle intermolecular forces that govern crystal-to-crystal transition in a new class of mechanochromic pyrene. Shearing the solid controls the aggregation state, altering the yellow-fluorescent J-type aggregated pristine material to orange-fluorescent individual monomers. X-ray diffraction analysis of each crystalline polymorph against a close structural analogue revealed that this force-induced behaviour was permitted by slight differences in distal substitution. In solution, the five core-expanded pyrenes display a rainbow of fluorescent colours in response to solvent polarity and acid. The breadth and location on the rainbow spectrum depends upon the style of ring-fusion as well as distal substitution on pyrene. Responsiveness to acid is mirrored in the solid-state – acid sensing is ambiently-reversible simply over time, without the need for additional base. Self-regenerating behaviour is permitted by only one of the two styles of ring-fusion borne by the core-expanded pyrenes.

中文翻译：

微妙的取代控制了多刺激响应性核扩展pyr的彩虹色行为†

通过改变物理属性（例如颜色）来响应多种环境刺激的材料是智能设备开发的基础。提出了五个核心扩展的pyr衍生物，以证明通过环稠合取代和添加远端基团可以控制溶液和固态对机械力，溶剂和酸的响应性。本文中包含的是对新一类的机械变色pyr中支配晶体间转换的细微分子间力的首次直接观察。剪切固体控制聚集状态，将黄色荧光的J型聚集的原始材料变为橙色荧光的单个单体。针对紧密的结构类似物的每个晶体多晶型物的X射线衍射分析表明，这种受力诱导的行为被远端取代的细微差别所允许。在溶液中，响应于溶剂极性和酸，五个核心扩展的pyr显示出彩虹色的彩虹。彩虹光谱的宽度和位置取决于环融合的方式以及pyr的末端取代。固态反映出对酸的反应能力–酸感随时间推移可在环境上逆转，而无需额外的碱。芯扩展pyr所携带的两种环稠合方式中只有一种允许自我再生行为。五个核心扩展的pyr响应于溶剂极性和酸而显示出彩虹色的彩虹。彩虹光谱的宽度和位置取决于环融合的方式以及pyr的末端取代。固态反映出对酸的反应能力–酸感随时间推移可在环境上逆转，而无需额外的碱。核心扩展的所携带的两种环稠合方式中只有一种允许自我再生行为。五个核心扩展的pyr响应于溶剂极性和酸而显示出彩虹色的彩虹。彩虹光谱的宽度和位置取决于环融合的方式以及pyr的末端取代。固态反映出对酸的反应能力–酸感随时间推移可在环境上逆转，而无需额外的碱。核心扩展的所携带的两种环稠合方式中只有一种允许自我再生行为。

更新日期：2019-12-19

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