While reductions in breast cancer mortality have been evident since the introduction of population‐based breast screening in women aged 50–74 years, participation in cancer screening programs can be influenced by several factors, including health system and those related to the individual. In our study, we compared cancer incidence and mortality for several cancer types other than breast cancer, noncancer mortality and patterns of treatment amongst women who did and did not participate in mammography screening. All women aged 50–65 years enrolled on the Queensland Electoral Roll in 2000 were included. The study population was then linked to records from the population‐based breast screening program and private fee‐for‐service screening options to establish screened and unscreened cohorts. Diagnostic details for selected cancers and cause of death were obtained from the Queensland Oncology Repository. We calculated incidence rate ratios and hazard ratios comparing screened and unscreened cohorts. Among screened compared to unscreened women, we found a lower incidence of cancers of the lung, cervix, head and neck and esophagus and an increase in colorectal cancers. Cancer mortality (excluding breast cancer) was 35% lower among screened compared to unscreened women and they were also about 23% less likely to be diagnosed with distant disease. Screened compared to unscreened women were more likely to receive surgery and less likely to receive no treatment. Our study adds further to the population data examining outcomes among women participating in mammography screening.

中文翻译：

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非乳腺癌的发生率，接受的治疗和结局：参加乳腺癌筛查的人与未参加乳腺癌的人是否存在差异？

自从对50-74岁的女性进行基于人群的乳腺癌筛查以来，乳腺癌死亡率的降低已很明显，但参与癌症筛查计划可能受到多种因素的影响，包括卫生系统和与个人相关的因素。在我们的研究中，我们比较了参加和未参加乳房X线照片筛查的女性中除乳腺癌，非癌症死亡率和治疗方式以外的几种癌症类型的癌症发病率和死亡率。纳入了2000年昆士兰州选举登记册上所有年龄在50-65岁之间的妇女。然后将研究人群与基于人群的乳房筛查计划和私人有偿服务筛查选项的记录相关联，以建立筛查和未筛查的队列。某些癌症的诊断细节和死亡原因可从昆士兰肿瘤学资料库获得。我们计算了筛查和未筛查队列的发生率和危险率。与未筛查的妇女相比，在筛查的妇女中，我们发现肺癌，子宫颈癌，头颈癌和食道癌的发生率较低，而结直肠癌的发生率则更高。与未筛查的女性相比，筛查的女性的癌症死亡率（不包括乳腺癌）降低了35％，被诊断为远处疾病的可能性也降低了约23％。与未筛查的妇女相比，筛查的妇女更有可能接受手术，而未接受治疗的可能性也较小。我们的研究进一步增加了人口数据，以检查参与乳房X线照片筛查的女性的结局。我们计算了筛查和未筛查队列的发生率和危险率。与未经筛查的妇女相比，在筛查妇女中，我们发现肺癌，子宫颈癌，头颈癌和食道癌的发生率较低，而结直肠癌的发生率则更高。与未筛查的女性相比，筛查的女性的癌症死亡率（不包括乳腺癌）降低了35％，被诊断为远处疾病的可能性也降低了约23％。与未筛查的妇女相比，筛查的妇女更有可能接受手术，而未接受治疗的可能性也较小。我们的研究进一步增加了人口数据，以检查参与乳房X线照片筛查的女性的结局。我们计算了筛查和未筛查队列的发生率和危险率。与未筛查的妇女相比，在筛查的妇女中，我们发现肺癌，子宫颈癌，头颈癌和食道癌的发生率较低，而结直肠癌的发生率则更高。与未筛查的女性相比，筛查的女性的癌症死亡率（不包括乳腺癌）降低了35％，被诊断为远处疾病的可能性也降低了约23％。与未筛查的妇女相比，筛查的妇女更有可能接受手术，而未接受治疗的可能性也较小。我们的研究进一步增加了人口数据，以检查参与乳房X线照片筛查的女性的结局。子宫颈，头颈和食道以及大肠癌的增加。与未筛查的女性相比，筛查的女性的癌症死亡率（不包括乳腺癌）降低了35％，被诊断为远处疾病的可能性也降低了约23％。与未筛查的妇女相比，筛查的妇女更有可能接受手术，而未接受治疗的可能性也较小。我们的研究进一步增加了人口数据，以检查参与乳房X线照片筛查的女性的结局。子宫颈，头颈和食道以及大肠癌的增加。与未筛查的女性相比，筛查的女性的癌症死亡率（不包括乳腺癌）降低了35％，被诊断为远处疾病的可能性也降低了约23％。与未筛查的妇女相比，筛查的妇女更有可能接受手术，而未接受治疗的可能性也较小。我们的研究进一步增加了人口数据，以检查参与乳房X线照片筛查的女性的结局。