In recent years, financial losses due to salinity changes threat bivalve industry. In natural habitat, marine bivalves should be adapted to a series of environmental stressors, including biotic (virus, bacteria and protozoan) and abiotic (salinity, temperature and heavy metal) factors. It is known that salinity fluctuations able to change distribution and vital parameters of bivalves. Suboptimal salinity conditions resulted in changes in defense mechanism, growth, free amino acid, heart rate, oxygen consumption and filtration rate. However, it is necessary to determine the optimal salinity level of cultured bivalves to avoid the risk of mortality and improve growth rate. Therefore, this study aimed to review the findings from various reports in vitro and in vivo conditions which evaluated physiological and immunological responses of different bivalve species submitted to different salinity concentrations. The information of present study is very important in understanding the physiological responses of bivalves, which are living in highly changeable environment such as estuarine.

中文翻译：

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盐度在双壳类动物生理反应中的作用

近年来，盐度变化造成的经济损失威胁着双壳类动物产业。在自然栖息地中，海洋双壳类动物应适应一系列环境压力，包括生物（病毒，细菌和原生动物）和非生物（盐度，温度和重金属）因素。众所周知，盐度波动能够改变双壳类动物的分布和重要参数。盐度条件欠佳会导致防御机制，生长，游离氨基酸，心率，耗氧量和滤过率发生变化。但是，有必要确定培养的双壳类动物的最佳盐度水平，以避免死亡的风险并提高生长速度。因此，本研究的目的是审查各种报告的结论在体外和体内评估不同盐分浓度的不同双壳类动物的生理和免疫反应的条件。本研究的信息对于了解生活在高度变化的环境（例如河口）中的双壳类动物的生理反应非常重要。