Arsenic is a well-known natural environmental contaminant distributed in food, water, air, and soil. The developmental toxicity of arsenic exposure is a significant concern in large parts of the world. Unlike acute toxic exposure, the classical dose-response relationship is not adequate for estimating the possible impact of chronic low-level arsenic exposure. The real-life risk and impact assessments require the consideration of the co-exposure to multiple toxins, individual genetic and nutritional predisposition, and the particularly vulnerable stages of the neurodevelopment. This context shifts the assessment model away from the 'one-exposure-for-one-health-effect.' We underscore the need for a comprehensive risk assessment that takes into account all relevant determinants. We aim to elaborate a model that can serve as a basis for an understanding of complex interacting factors in a long-lasting and ongoing low-level arsenic exposure, to identify, protect, and support the children at risk.

中文翻译：

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砷的发育毒性：偏离经典的剂量反应关系。

砷是一种众所周知的自然环境污染物，分布在食物，水，空气和土壤中。在世界大部分地区，砷暴露的发育毒性是一个重大问题。与急性毒性暴露不同，经典的剂量反应关系不足以估计慢性低水平砷暴露的可能影响。现实生活中的风险和影响评估需要考虑多种毒素的共同暴露，个体遗传和营养易感性以及神经发育的特别脆弱阶段。在这种情况下，评估模型已从“一种健康的单一暴露”转变了。我们强调需要进行综合的风险评估，其中要考虑所有相关的决定因素。