Abstract Conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI) demonstrates potential applications in developing integrated smart energy devices based on the bi-functional electrochromic optical modulation and electrochemical energy storage. One challenge is to improve the structural stability of PANI films in response to repeating doping and dedoping of anions during the electrochemical redox process. Herein, a facile and effective approach is developed for improving the electrochemical performance of PANI by coating onto the carbon nanotube (CNT) conductive networks. The introduction of CNT firstly provides multiple directions for electron transfer and thus enhances the charge capacity of PANI. Then, the polymerization of PANI onto the CNT (PANI@CNT) contributes to the formation of a 3D network film, which effectively reduces the structural failure caused by anions intercalation and extraction. Compared with compact PANI film, a substantial promotion of bi-function achieves in the porous PANI@CNT one, whose optical transmittance modulation increases to over 40% and the specific capacitance of the initial cycle is almost tripled. On the basis of reversible and stable chromatic transitions between different charged states, the PANI@CNT electrode is further developed to be a smart electrochromic supercapacitor exhibiting visual energy storage level. We expect that this work may lead to new designs of robust smart energy storage devices.

中文翻译：

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通过涂覆到碳纳米管导电网络上可提高视觉能量水平的集成电致变色超级电容器

摘要 导电聚合物聚苯胺 (PANI) 在开发基于双功能电致变色光调制和电化学储能的集成智能能源设备方面具有潜在的应用价值。一项挑战是在电化学氧化还原过程中响应阴离子的重复掺杂和去掺杂来提高 PANI 薄膜的结构稳定性。在此，开发了一种简便有效的方法，通过涂覆到碳纳米管 (CNT) 导电网络上来改善 PANI 的电化学性能。CNT的引入首先为电子转移提供了多个方向，从而增强了PANI的电荷容量。然后，PANI 在 CNT 上的聚合（PANI@CNT）有助于形成 3D 网络膜，有效地减少了阴离子嵌入和脱出引起的结构破坏。与致密的​​ PANI 薄膜相比，多孔 PANI@CNT 薄膜实现了双功能的显着提升，其光学透射率调制增加到 40% 以上，初始循环的比电容几乎增加了两倍。基于不同带电状态之间可逆和稳定的色度跃迁，PANI@CNT 电极进一步发展成为具有视觉储能水平的智能电致变色超级电容器。我们预计这项工作可能会导致强大的智能储能设备的新设计。其光学透射率调制增加到 40% 以上，初始周期的比电容几乎增加了两倍。基于不同带电状态之间可逆和稳定的色度跃迁，PANI@CNT 电极进一步发展成为具有视觉储能水平的智能电致变色超级电容器。我们预计这项工作可能会导致强大的智能储能设备的新设计。其光学透射率调制增加到 40% 以上，初始周期的比电容几乎增加了两倍。基于不同带电状态之间可逆和稳定的色度跃迁，PANI@CNT 电极进一步发展成为具有视觉储能水平的智能电致变色超级电容器。我们预计这项工作可能会导致强大的智能储能设备的新设计。