Phenotypic plasticity refers to changes expressed by a genotype across different environments and is one of the major means by which plants cope with environmental variability. Multi-fold differences in phenotypic plasticity have been noted across crops, with wild ancestors and landraces being more plastic than crops when under stress. Plasticity in response to abiotic stress adaptation, plant architecture, physio-reproductive and quality traits are multi-genic (QTL). Plasticity QTL (pQTL) were either collocated with main effect QTL and QEI (QTL × environment interaction) or located independently from the main effect QTL. For example, variations in root plasticity have been successfully introgressed to enhance abiotic stress adaptation in rice. The independence of genetic control of a trait and of its plasticity suggests that breeders may select for high or low plasticity in combination with high or low performance of economically important traits. Trait plasticity in stressful environments may be harnessed through breeding stress-tolerant crops. There exists a genetic cost associated with plasticity, so a better understanding of the trade-offs between plasticity and productivity is warranted prior to undertaking breeding for plasticity traits together with productivity in stress environments.

中文翻译：

---

基于基因组的根可塑性增强粮食作物的非生物胁迫适应和可食用产量

表型可塑性是指基因型在不同环境中表达的变化，是植物应对环境变异的主要手段之一。已经注意到不同作物的表型可塑性存在多重差异，野生祖先和地方品种在压力下比作物更具可塑性。响应非生物胁迫适应的可塑性、植物结构、生理生殖和品质性状是多基因 (QTL)。可塑性 QTL（pQTL）要么与主效应 QTL 和 QEI（QTL × 环境相互作用）并置，要么独立于主效应 QTL。例如，根系可塑性的变化已成功渗入以增强水稻对非生物胁迫的适应。性状及其可塑性的遗传控制的独立性表明，育种者可以选择高可塑性或低可塑性，以及经济重要性状的高或低表现。可以通过培育耐压作物来利用压力环境中的性状可塑性。存在与可塑性相关的遗传成本，因此在对可塑性性状和压力环境中的生产力进行育种之前，有必要更好地了解可塑性和生产力之间的权衡。