BACKGROUND Surgery and diseases modify inflammatory responses and the immune system. Anesthetic agents also have effects on the human immune system but the responses they induce may be altered or masked by the surgical procedures or underlying illnesses. The aim of this study was to assess how single-drug dexmedetomidine and propofol anesthesia without any surgical intervention alter acute immunological biomarkers in healthy subjects. METHODS Thirty-five healthy, young male subjects were anesthetized using increasing concentrations of dexmedetomidine (n = 18) or propofol (n = 17) until loss of responsiveness (LOR) was detected. The treatment allocation was randomized. Multi-parametric immunoassays for the detection of 48 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were used. Concentrations were determined at baseline and at the highest drug concentration for each subject. RESULTS The changes in the concentration of eotaxin (decrease after dexmedetomidine) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF, increase after propofol) were statistically significantly different between the groups. Significant changes were detected within both groups; the concentrations of monocyte chemotactic protein 1, chemokine ligand 27 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor were lower in both groups after the drug administration. Dexmedetomidine decreased the concentration of eotaxin, interleukin-18, interleukin-2Rα, stem cell factor, stem cell growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, and propofol decreased significantly the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, IFN-γ-induced protein 10 and monokine induced by IFN-γ, and increased the levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-5, interleukin-7 and PDGF. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine seemed to have an immunosuppressive effect on the immune system whereas propofol seemed to induce mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory effects on the immune system. The choice of anesthetic agent could be relevant when treating patients with compromised immunological defense mechanisms. TRIAL REGISTRATION Before subject enrollment, the study was registered in the European Clinical Trials database (EudraCT number 2013-001496-21, The Neural Mechanisms of Anesthesia and Human Consciousness) and in ClinicalTrials.gov (Principal Investigator: Harry Scheinin, number NCT01889004, The Neural Mechanisms of Anesthesia and Human Consciousness, Part 2, on the 23rd of June 2013).

中文翻译：

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右美托咪定和丙泊酚对健康受试者体内循环细胞因子水平的影响。

背景技术手术和疾病改变了炎症反应和免疫系统。麻醉剂也对人体免疫系统有影响，但麻醉剂引起的反应可能会因手术程序或潜在疾病而改变或掩盖。这项研究的目的是评估在没有任何手术干预的情况下，单药右美托咪定和丙泊酚麻醉如何改变健康受试者的急性免疫生物标志物。方法用增加浓度的右美托咪定（n = 18）或丙泊酚（n = 17）麻醉35例健康的年轻男性受试者，直至检测到反应性（LOR）丧失。治疗分配是随机的。使用多参数免疫分析法检测48种细胞因子，趋化因子和生长因子。在每个受试者的基线和最高药物浓度下确定浓度。结果两组间嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子浓度（右美托咪定后降低）和血小板源性生长因子（PDGF，丙泊酚后升高）的变化在统计学上具有显着差异。两组均检测到显着变化；给药后，两组单核细胞趋化蛋白1，趋化因子配体27和巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子的浓度均较低。右美托咪定降低了嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子，白介素-18，白介素-2Rα，干细胞因子，干细胞生长因子和血管内皮生长因子的浓度，丙泊酚显着降低了肝细胞生长因子，IFN-γ诱导的蛋白10和单因子诱导的水平通过IFN-γ，并增加了白介素17，白介素5，白介素7和PDGF的水平。结论右美托咪定似乎对免疫系统具有免疫抑制作用，而丙泊酚似乎对免疫系统产生混合的促炎和抗炎作用。当治疗免疫防御机制受损的患者时，麻醉剂的选择可能是相关的。试验注册在纳入受试者之前，该研究已在欧洲临床试验数据库（EudraCT编号2013-001496-21，麻醉和人类意识的神经机制）和ClinicalTrials.gov（主要研究人员：Harry Scheinin，编号NCT01889004，美国麻醉和人类意识的神经机制，第2部分，2013年6月23日）。结论右美托咪定似乎对免疫系统具有免疫抑制作用，而丙泊酚似乎对免疫系统产生混合的促炎和抗炎作用。当治疗免疫防御机制受损的患者时，麻醉剂的选择可能是相关的。试验注册在纳入受试者之前，该研究已在欧洲临床试验数据库（EudraCT编号2013-001496-21，麻醉和人类意识的神经机制）和ClinicalTrials.gov（主要研究人员：Harry Scheinin，编号NCT01889004，美国麻醉和人类意识的神经机制，第2部分，2013年6月23日）。结论右美托咪定似乎对免疫系统具有免疫抑制作用，而丙泊酚似乎对免疫系统产生混合的促炎和抗炎作用。当治疗免疫防御机制受损的患者时，麻醉剂的选择可能很重要。试验注册在纳入受试者之前，该研究已在欧洲临床试验数据库（EudraCT编号2013-001496-21，麻醉和人类意识的神经机制）和ClinicalTrials.gov（主要研究人员：Harry Scheinin，编号NCT01889004，美国麻醉和人类意识的神经机制，第2部分，2013年6月23日）。