BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate whether household cockroaches harbor cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteria that share resistance determinants with human inhabitants. From February through July 2016, whole cockroach homogenates and human fecal samples from 100 households were cultured for cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteria (CRe). The CRe were examined for plasmid-mediated AmpC, ESBL, and carbapenemase genes; antibiotic susceptibility patterns; and conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Clonal associations between CRe were determined by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS Twenty CRe were recovered from whole cockroach homogenates from 15 households. The prevalence of households with cockroaches that harbored CRe, AmpC- (based on phenotype, with no identifiable blaAmpC genes), ESBL-, and carbapenemase-producers were 15, 4, 5%(2 blaCTX-M-15/TEM-1; 1 blaCTX-M-15/TEM-4; 1 blaTEM-24; 1 blaSHV-4) and 3%(2 blaNDM-1 genes and 1 blaOXA-48 gene), respectively. Overall, 20 CRe were recovered from 61 fecal samples of inhabitants from all 15 households that had cockroach samples positive for CRe. Of these, 5CRe (1 per household) were positive for ESBLs (blaTEM-24, blaTEM-14, blaCTX-M-15/TEM-4, blaSHV-3, blaCTX-M-15/TEM-1) and none carried AmpCs or carbapenemases. From 4% of households, the pair of cockroach and human CRe shared the same sequence type (ST), clonal complex (CC), antibiogram, and conjugable bla gene sequence (house 34, E. coli ST9/CC20-blaTEM-4; house 37, E. coli ST44/CC10-blaCTX-15/TEM-4; house 41, E. coli ST443/CC205-blaCTX-15/TEM-1; house 49, K. pneumoniae ST231/CC131-blaSHV-13). CONCLUSION The findings provide evidence that household cockroaches may carry CTX-M-15-, OXA-48- and NDM-1-producers, and share clonal relationship and beta-lactam resistance determinants with humans.

中文翻译：

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家用蟑螂携带产生CTX-M-15-，OXA-48-和NDM-1的肠细菌，并与人类共享β-内酰胺抗性决定簇。

背景技术本研究旨在调查家蟑螂是否携带与人类居民具有共同耐药性决定因素的头孢菌素耐药性肠杆菌。从2016年2月到2016年7月，对100户家庭的整个蟑螂匀浆和人类粪便样本进行了头孢菌素耐药性肠杆菌（CRe）的培养。检查了CRe的质粒介导的AmpC，ESBL和碳青霉烯酶基因；抗生素敏感性模式；以及抗生素耐药机制的共轭转移。CRe之间的克隆关联是通过多基因座序列分型（MLST）确定的。结果从15个家庭的整个蟑螂匀浆中回收了20个CRe。带有CRe，AmpC-（基于表型，没有可识别的blaAmpC基因），ESBL-，碳青霉烯酶的产生量分别为15、4、5％（2 blaCTX-M-15 / TEM-1； 1 blaCTX-M-15 / TEM-4； 1 blaTEM-24； 1 blaSHV-4）和3％（2 blaNDM） -1个基因和1个blaOXA-48基因）。总体而言，从所有15户蟑螂样本中CRe呈阳性的居民的61份粪便样本中回收了20 CRe。其中，5CRe（每户1个）的ESBLs阳性（blaTEM-24，blaTEM-14，blaCTX-M-15 / TEM-4，blaSHV-3，blaCTX-M-15 / TEM-1），均未携带AmpC或碳青霉烯酶。在4％的家庭中，蟑螂和人类CRe对共享相同的序列类型（ST），克隆复合体（CC），抗菌谱和可结合的bla基因序列（第34号住房，大肠杆菌ST9 / CC20-blaTEM-4；第37号房屋，大肠杆菌ST44 / CC10-blaCTX-15 / TEM-4；第41号房屋，大肠杆菌ST443 / CC205-blaCTX-15 / TEM-1；第49号房屋，肺炎克雷伯菌ST231 / CC131-blaSHV-13） 。