The mechanism of universal green antisolvents for intermediate phase controlled high-efficiency formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells,Materials Horizons

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The mechanism of universal green antisolvents for intermediate phase controlled high-efficiency formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells
Materials Horizons ( IF 12.2 ) Pub Date : 2019/12/05 , DOI: 10.1039/c9mh01679a
Luyao Wang _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Xin Wang _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Lin-Long Deng _{4,

5,

6,

7} , Shibing Leng _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Xiaojun Guo _{2,

3,

4,

8} , Ching-Hong Tan _{2,

3,

4,

9} , Wallace C. H. Choy _{4,

10,

11} , Chun-Chao Chen _{1,

2,

3,

4}

Affiliation

Antisolvent-assisted crystallization is adopted widely in the preparation of double-cation [e.g., cesium/formamidinium (Cs/FA), formamidinium/methylammonium (FA/MA)] and triple-cation (e.g., Cs/FA/MA) FA-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to enhance their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and device stability. Although many antisolvents have been applied to treat various perovskites with different compositions, their crystallization mechanisms have remained unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of a series of green antisolvents—namely, the ethers diethyl ether, anisole, diisopropyl ether (DIE), and dibutyl ether—on the crystallization of perovskites. We found that the formation of an intermediate phase was heavily determined by the antisolvent's polarity. Indeed, through judicious control of the antisolvent's polarity, it was possible to form a pure intermediate phase, without a PbI₂ or perovskite phase. Upon thermal annealing, the crystallization of perovskites was improved. Understanding the mechanism of formation of the intermediate phase led us to identify DIE as a green antisolvent with universal perovskite compatibility, achieving champion PCEs of 20.05%, 20.15%, and 21.26% for Cs/FA, FA/MA, and Cs/FA/MA, respectively. The PCE of large-area (1 cm²) PSCs reached 18.51%. Furthermore, the repeatability of these champion PCEs was greatly improved. This work contributes to the understanding of antisolvent's polarity as an important factor affecting the formation of a pure intermediate phase of FA-based perovskites, which also offers a greener approach for the production of PSCs.

中文翻译：

通用绿色抗溶剂用于中间相控制高效甲form基钙钛矿太阳能电池的机理

在双阳离子的制备中（例如铯/甲s（Cs / FA），甲am /甲基铵（FA / MA）]和三阳离子（例如，Cs / FA / MA）基于FA的钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC），以提高其功率转换效率（PCE）和设备稳定性。尽管许多抗溶剂已被用于处理具有不同组成的各种钙钛矿，但它们的结晶机理仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们研究了一系列绿色反溶剂（即乙醚，乙醚，茴香醚，二异丙醚（DIE）和二丁醚）对钙钛矿结晶的影响。我们发现中间相的形成在很大程度上取决于反溶剂的极性。实际上，通过明智地控制反溶剂的极性，有可能形成没有PbI ₂的纯中间相。或钙钛矿相。通过热退火，钙钛矿的结晶得到改善。了解中间相的形成机理使我们将DIE鉴定为具有通用钙钛矿相容性的绿色抗溶剂，对于Cs / FA，FA / MA和Cs / FA /，获得的PCE最佳冠军分别为20.05％，20.15％和21.26％。 MA，分别。大面积（1 cm ²）PSC的PCE达到18.51％。此外，这些冠军PCE的可重复性大大提高了。这项工作有助于理解反溶剂的极性，因为极性是影响基于FA的钙钛矿纯中间相形成的重要因素，这也为生产PSC提供了更绿色的方法。

更新日期：2020-03-09

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