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DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Synthetic Cannabinoids (Spice/K2).
ACS Chemical Neuroscience ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-04 , DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00586
Adam Worob 1 , Cody Wenthur 1
Affiliation  

This Review covers the background, pharmacology, adverse effects, synthesis, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and history of synthetic cannabinoid compounds. Synthetic cannabinoids are a class of novel psychoactive substances that act as agonists at cannabinoid receptors. This class of compounds is structurally diverse and rapidly changing, with multiple generations of molecules having been developed in the past decade. The structural diversity of synthetic cannabinoids is supported by the breadth of chemical space available for exploitation by clandestine chemists and incentivized by attempts to remain ahead of legal pressures. As a class, synthetic cannabinoid products have a more serious adverse effect profile than that of traditional phytocannabinoids, including notable risks of lethality, as well as a history of dangerous adulteration. Most synthetic cannabinoids are rapidly metabolized to active species with prolonged residence times and peripheral tissue distribution, and analytical confirmation of use of these compounds remains challenging. Overall, the emergence of synthetic cannabinoids serves as a noteworthy example of the pressing public health challenges associated with the increasing development of easily synthesized, structurally flexible, highly potent, psychoactive drugs.

中文翻译:

化学神经科学中的黑暗经典:合成大麻素 (Spice/K2)。

本综述涵盖合成大麻素化合物的背景、药理学、副作用、合成、药代动力学、代谢和历史。合成大麻素是一类新型精神活性物质,可作为大麻素受体的激动剂。这类化合物结构多样且变化迅速,在过去十年中已开发出多代分子。合成大麻素的结构多样性得到了可供秘密化学家利用的广泛化学空间的支持,并受到试图保持领先于法律压力的激励。作为一类,合成大麻素产品比传统植物大麻素具有更严重的不良影响,包括显着的致死风险,以及危险掺假的历史。大多数合成大麻素会迅速代谢为具有较长停留时间和外周组织分布的活性物质,并且对这些化合物的使用进行分析确认仍然具有挑战性。总的来说,合成大麻素的出现是一个值得注意的例子,表明与日益发展的易于合成、结构灵活、高效的精神活性药物相关的紧迫公共卫生挑战。
更新日期:2019-12-04
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