Energy‐related catalytic reactions have been extensively investigated in past years in order to efficiently utilize clean and environmentally benign energy sources. In these systems, the catalysts and the catalyst/active medium interfaces play a crucial role in determining their performance. Thus, understanding the physical and chemical properties of catalysts during reactions is of importance to provide fundamental insights for designing the devices. Transmission electron microscopy can provide tremendous information regarding materials' morphology, microstructure, and chemical properties at nanoscales. With in situ electron microscopy, dynamic processes of catalytic reactions in both gas and liquid environments have been investigated in real time. In this paper, the recent research progress of in situ and operando electron microscopy techniques are introduced with the representative works in energy‐related reactions, including electrochemical catalysis in liquid media and heterogeneous catalysis in gas media. The uniqueness of the specific electron microscopy methods and scientific merits of each work are highlighted. Finally, outlooks on emerging research opportunities are discussed.

中文翻译：

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能量相关催化的原位透射电子显微镜

过去几年中，与能源有关的催化反应已得到广泛研究，以有效利用清洁和环境友好的能源。在这些系统中，催化剂和催化剂/活性介质的界面在确定其性能方面起着至关重要的作用。因此，了解反应过程中催化剂的物理和化学性质对于提供设计装置的基础见解非常重要。透射电子显微镜可以提供有关纳米级材料形态，微观结构和化学性质的大量信息。利用原位电子显微镜，已经实时研究了在气体和液体环境中催化反应的动态过程。在本文中，介绍了原位和操作电子显微镜技术的最新研究进展，以及与能量有关的反应方面的代表性工作，包括液体介质中的电化学催化和气体介质中的非均相催化。突出了特定电子显微镜方法的独特性和每项工作的科学价值。最后，讨论了新兴研究机会的前景。