Detectable in biopsies and body fluids, the measurement of a single or panels of microRNAs have been reported to be quite sensitive and specific for the prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of many diseases. Interest in the use of microRNAs as biomarkers and eventual therapeutic targets has increased exponentially in the last decade. However, in the field of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the discovery of their involvement in biological processes and their predictive value is only emerging. With 30–75% of patients developing GVHD following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant and the absence of routinely used predictive biomarkers, microRNAs are promising for early detection and follow-up of this condition. We aim to summarize the current knowledge on the involvement of these small RNAs in the pathophysiology of this disease. We also review studies investigating the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for early detection, follow-up, and prognosis of GVHD.

据报道，在活检和体液中可检测到的单个或一组microRNA的测量对许多疾病的预测，诊断和预后非常敏感且具有特异性。在过去十年中，人们对将microRNA用作生物标记物和最终治疗靶标的兴趣呈指数增长。然而，在移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）领域中，它们参与生物过程及其预测价值的发现才刚刚出现。随着30％至75％的患者在异基因造血细胞移植后出现GVHD，并且由于缺乏常规使用的预测性生物标志物，microRNA有望用于这种疾病的早期检测和随访。我们旨在总结有关这些小RNA参与该疾病的病理生理学的当前知识。