Wolbachia is an endosymbiotic Alphaproteobacteria that can suppress insect-borne diseases through decreasing host virus transmission (population replacement) or through decreasing host population density (population suppression). We contrast natural Wolbachia infections in insect populations with Wolbachia transinfections in mosquitoes to gain insights into factors potentially affecting the long-term success of Wolbachia releases. Natural Wolbachia infections can spread rapidly, whereas the slow spread of transinfections is governed by deleterious effects on host fitness and demographic factors. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) generated by Wolbachia is central to both population replacement and suppression programs, but CI in nature can be variable and evolve, as can Wolbachia fitness effects and virus blocking. Wolbachia spread is also influenced by environmental factors that decrease Wolbachia titer and reduce maternal Wolbachia transmission frequency. More information is needed on the interactions between Wolbachia and host nuclear/mitochondrial genomes, the interaction between invasion success and local ecological factors, and the long-term stability of Wolbachia-mediated virus blocking.

中文翻译：

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Wolbachia疾病控制的进化生态学。

沃尔巴氏菌是一种内共生细菌，可以通过减少宿主病毒传播（种群替代）或通过降低宿主种群密度（种群抑制）来抑制昆虫传播的疾病。我们将昆虫种群中的自然Wolbachia感染与蚊子中的Wolbachia转染进行对比，以深入了解可能影响Wolbachia释放长期成功的因素。天然的沃尔巴克氏菌感染可以迅速传播，而转染的缓慢传播受宿主健康和人口统计学因素的有害影响所控制。Wolbachia产生的细胞质不相容性（CI）是种群替代和抑制计划的核心，但是自然界中的CI可能是可变的并且会进化，Wolbachia的适应性效应和病毒阻断也会如此。Wolbachia传播还受到降低Wolbachia滴度和降低母体Wolbachia传播频率的环境因素的影响。需要更多有关沃尔巴氏菌与宿主核/线粒体基因组之间的相互作用，入侵成功与局部生态因素之间的相互作用以及沃尔巴氏菌介导的病毒阻断的长期稳定性的更多信息。