We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ability to develop effective disease treatments. To overcome this limitation, we need new concepts to describe and comprehend the complex mechanisms underlying human diseases. Condensate formation by phase separation emerges as a new principle to explain the organization of living cells. In this review, we present emerging evidence that aberrant forms of condensates are associated with many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious diseases. We examine disease mechanisms driven by aberrant condensates, and we point out opportunities for therapeutic interventions. We conclude that phase separation provides a useful new framework to understand and fight some of the most severe human diseases.

中文翻译：

---

疾病中的液相分离。

近年来，我们在确定许多人类疾病的遗传原因方面取得了迅速的进步。然而，尽管最近取得了进展，但我们对这些疾病的机械理解常常是不完整的。这是一个问题，因为它限制了我们开发有效疾病治疗方法的能力。为了克服这一局限性，我们需要新的概念来描述和理解人类疾病的复杂机制。通过相分离形成冷凝物成为解释活细胞组织的新原理。在这篇综述中，我们提供了新出现的证据，表明异常形式的冷凝物与许多人类疾病有关，包括癌症，神经退行性疾病和传染性疾病。我们研究了异常凝结物驱动的疾病机制，并指出了治疗干预的机会。