Menopause is a stage in a woman's life characterized by twelve months of amenorrhoea. This transition happens due to changes in ovarian follicular activity, leading to endocrine, biological and clinical modifications. The main hormones related to these changes and symptoms are oestradiol, LH, FSH, AMH, Inhibin B and GnRH. It is important to point out that the skin is very affected by all these hormone changes, leading to a decrease in collagen content, water content, elasticity, thickness and impacting on all skin layers quality. Aiming to help women go through this period of their lifetimes with a better quality of life, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries have studied formulations to improve skin quality. In order to study the safety and efficacy of these products, in vitro methods have been developed in order to mimic menopause and aged skin. In addition to that, many clinical methodologies for skin features assessment have also been improved and applied to evaluate the efficacy of treatments or compounds for menopause. Studying and improving skin models and skin evaluation methodologies may help in the identification of therapeutic targets, treatments, drugs and cosmetics along with new insights for future research in the dermatology field.

中文翻译：

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回顾更年期对皮肤的影响：功能改变，临床研究，体外模型和治疗选择。

更年期是女性生命中的一个阶段，其特征是闭经十二个月。这种转变的发生是由于卵巢卵泡活性的变化，导致内分泌，生物学和临床的改变。与这些变化和症状相关的主要激素是雌二醇，LH，FSH，AMH，抑制素B和GnRH。重要的是要指出，皮肤受到所有这些激素变化的影响很大，导致胶原蛋白含量，水含量，弹性，厚度下降，并影响所有皮肤层的质量。为了帮助女性更好地度过其一生，化妆品和制药行业已经研究了改善皮肤质量的配方。为了研究这些产品的安全性和有效性，为了模仿更年期和老化的皮肤，已经开发了体外方法。除此之外，还改善了许多用于皮肤特征评估的临床方法，并将其用于评估更年期治疗或化合物的功效。研究和改善皮肤模型和皮肤评估方法可能有助于确定治疗目标，治疗方法，药物和化妆品，并为皮肤病学领域的未来研究提供新见识。