Fair-Weather Friends: Evidence of Lipoxin Dysregulation in Neurodegeneration.,Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

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Fair-Weather Friends: Evidence of Lipoxin Dysregulation in Neurodegeneration.
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-07 , DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801076
Changmo Kim _{1,

2,

3} , Izhar Livne-Bar _{1,

2,

3} , Karsten Gronert _{4,

5} , Jeremy M Sivak _{1,

2,

3}

Affiliation

Lipoxins (LXs) are autacoids, specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) acting locally in a paracrine or autocrine fashion. They belong to a complex superfamily of dietary small polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)–metabolites, which direct potent cellular responses to resolve inflammation and restore tissue homeostasis. Together, these SPM activities have been intensely studied in systemic inflammation and acute injury or infection, but less is known about LX signaling and activities in the central nervous system. LXs are derived from arachidonic acid, an omega‐6 PUFA. In addition to well‐established roles in systemic inflammation resolution, they have increasingly become implicated in regulating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. In particular, chronic inflammation plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology, and dysregulated LX production and activities have been reported in a variety of AD rodent models and clinical tissue samples, yet with complex and sometimes conflicting results. In addition, reduced LX production following retinal injury has been reported recently by the authors, and an intriguing direct neuronal activity promoting survival and homeostasis in retinal and cortical neurons is demonstrated. Here, the authors review and clarify this growing literature and suggest new research directions to further elaborate the role of lipoxins in neurodegeneration.

中文翻译：

天气好的朋友：神经变性中脂氧素失调的证据。

脂氧素 (LXs) 是自分泌物，是一种专门的促分解脂质介质 (SPM)，以旁分泌或自分泌方式在局部起作用。它们属于膳食小分子多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 代谢物的复杂超家族，可引导有效的细胞反应来解决炎症和恢复组织稳态。总之，这些 SPM 活动已在全身炎症和急性损伤或感染中得到深入研究，但对中枢神经系统中的 LX 信号传导和活动知之甚少。LX 来源于花生四烯酸，一种 omega-6 多不饱和脂肪酸。除了在系统性炎症消退中的公认作用外，它们越来越多地参与调节神经炎症和神经退行性过程。特别是，慢性炎症在阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 病因学中起着核心作用，在各种 AD 啮齿动物模型和临床组织样本中已经报道了 LX 产生和活性失调，但结果复杂且有时相互矛盾。此外，作者最近报道了视网膜损伤后 LX 产生减少，并证明了一种有趣的直接神经元活动，可促进视网膜和皮质神经元的存活和体内平衡。在这里，作者回顾并阐明了这一不断增长的文献，并提出了新的研究方向，以进一步阐述脂氧素在神经退行性疾病中的作用。并且证明了一种有趣的直接神经元活动，可促进视网膜和皮质神经元的存活和体内平衡。在这里，作者回顾并阐明了这一不断增长的文献，并提出了新的研究方向，以进一步阐述脂氧素在神经退行性疾病中的作用。并且证明了一种有趣的直接神经元活动，可促进视网膜和皮质神经元的存活和体内平衡。在这里，作者回顾并阐明了这一不断增长的文献，并提出了新的研究方向，以进一步阐述脂氧素在神经退行性疾病中的作用。

更新日期：2020-01-07

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