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Association of Receipt of a Housing Voucher With Subsequent Hospital Utilization and Spending
JAMA ( IF 63.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-03 , DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.17432
Craig Evan Pollack 1, 2, 3 , Amanda L Blackford 4 , Shawn Du 5 , Stefanie Deluca 6 , Rachel L J Thornton 7, 8 , Bradley Herring 1
Affiliation  

Importance Although neighborhoods are thought to be an important health determinant, evidence for the relationship between neighborhood poverty and health care use is limited, as prior studies have largely used observational data without an experimental design. Objective To examine whether housing policies that reduce exposure to high-poverty neighborhoods were associated with differences in long-term hospital use among adults and children. Design, Setting, and Participants Exploratory analysis of the Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing Demonstration Program, a randomized social experiment conducted in 5 US cities. From 1994 to 1998, 4604 families in public housing were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: a control condition, a traditional Section 8 voucher toward rental costs in the private market, or a voucher that could only be used in low-poverty neighborhoods. Participants were linked to all-payer hospital discharge data (1995 through 2014 or 2015) and Medicaid data (1999 through 2009). The final follow-up date ranged from 11 to 21 years after randomization. Exposures Receipt of a traditional or low-poverty voucher vs control group. Main Outcomes and Measures Rates of hospitalizations and hospital days, and hospital spending. Results Among 4602 eligible individuals randomized as adults, 4072 (88.5%) were linked to health data (mean age, 33 years [SD, 9.0 years]; 98% female; median follow-up, 11 years). There were no significant differences in primary outcomes among adults randomized to receive a voucher compared with the control group (unadjusted hospitalization rate, 14.0 vs 14.7 per 100 person-years, adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.95 [95% CI, 0.84-1.08; P = .45]; hospital days, 62.8 vs 67.0 per 100 person-years; IRR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.77-1.13; P = .46]; yearly spending, $2075 vs $1977; adjusted difference, -$129 [95% CI, -$497 to $239; P = .49]). Among 11 290 eligible individuals randomized as children, 9118 (80.8%) were linked to health data (mean age, 8 years [SD, 4.6 years]; 49% female; median follow-up, 11 years). Receipt of a housing voucher during childhood was significantly associated with lower hospitalization rates (6.3 vs 7.3 per 100 person-years; IRR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.73-0.99; P = .03]) and yearly inpatient spending ($633 vs $785; adjusted difference, -$143 [95% CI, -$256 to -$31; P = .01]) and no significant difference in hospital days (25.7 vs 28.8 per 100 person-years; IRR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.77-1.11; P = .41]). Conclusions and Relevance In this exploratory analysis of a randomized housing voucher intervention, adults who received a housing voucher did not experience significant differences in hospital use or spending. Receipt of a voucher during childhood was significantly associated with lower rates of hospitalization and less inpatient spending during long-term follow-up.

中文翻译:

收到住房券与随后的医院使用和支出的关联

重要性 尽管社区被认为是一个重要的健康决定因素,但关于社区贫困与医疗保健使用之间关系的证据是有限的,因为先前的研究主要使用了没有实验设计的观察数据。目的 旨在检查减少接触高贫困社区的住房政策是否与成人和儿童长期住院使用的差异有关。设计、设置和参与者 公平住房示范计划的探索性分析,这是一项在美国 5 个城市进行的随机社会实验。从 1994 年到 1998 年,公共住房的 4604 个家庭被随机分为 3 个组中的一个:控制条件、传统的第 8 节私人市场租金凭证、或只能在低贫困社区使用的代金券。参与者与所有支付方出院数据(1995 年至 2014 年或 2015 年)和医疗补助数据(1999 年至 2009 年)相关联。随机化后的最终随访日期为 11 至 21 年。传统或低贫困代金券的收据与对照组的对比。主要结果和措施 住院率和住院天数,以及住院费用。结果 在随机分配为成人的 4602 名合格个体中,4072 名 (88.5%) 与健康数据相关(平均年龄,33 岁 [SD,9.0 岁];98% 为女性;中位随访时间为 11 年)。与对照组相比,随机接受代金券的成人的主要结局没有显着差异(未调整的住院率,14.0 vs 14.7/100 人年,调整后发病率比 [IRR],0.95 [95% CI,0.84-1.08;P = .45];住院天数,每 100 人年 62.8 比 67.0;IRR,0.93 [95% CI,0.77-1.13;P = .46];年度支出,2075 美元对 1977 美元;调整后的差异,-$129 [95% CI,-$497 至 $239;P = .49])。在随机分配为儿童的 11290 名符合条件的个体中,9118 名 (80.8%) 与健康数据相关(平均年龄为 8 岁 [SD,4.6 岁];49% 为女性;中位随访时间为 11 年)。在儿童时期收到住房券与较低的住院率(每 100 人年 6.3 比 7.3;IRR,0.85 [95% CI,0.73-0.99;P = .03])和每年住院费用(633 美元比 785 美元)显着相关;调整后的差异,-$143 [95% CI,-$256 至 -$31;P = .01])并且住院天数没有显着差异(每 100 人年 25.7 vs 28.8;IRR,0.92 [95% CI,0.77- 1.11;P = .41])。结论和相关性 在这项随机住房券干预的探索性分析中,获得住房券的成年人在医院使用或支出方面没有显着差异。在儿童时期收到代金券与较低的住院率和长期随访期间的住院费用减少显着相关。
更新日期:2019-12-03
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