Growing evidence points to an important role for the commensal microbiota in susceptibility to food allergy. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate associations between exposures known to modify the microbiome and risk of food allergy. Direct profiling of the gut microbiome in human cohort studies has demonstrated that individuals with food allergy have distinct gut microbiomes compared to healthy control subjects, and dysbiosis precedes the development of food allergy. Mechanistic studies in mouse models of food allergy have confirmed that the composition of the intestinal microbiota can imprint susceptibility or resistance to food allergy on the host and have identified a unique population of microbially responsive RORγt-positive FOXp3-positive regulatory T cells as critical for the maintenance of tolerance to foods. Armed with this new understanding of the role of the microbiota in food allergy and tolerance, therapeutics aimed at modifying the gastrointestinal microbiota are in development. In this article we review key milestones in the development of our current understanding of how the gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to food allergy and discuss our vision for the future of the field.

中文翻译：

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食物过敏和微生物组：当前的理解和未来的方向。


越来越多的证据表明，共生微生物群在食物过敏易感性中发挥着重要作用。流行病学研究表明，已知会改变微生物组的暴露与食物过敏风险之间存在关联。人类队列研究中肠道微生物组的直接分析表明，与健康对照受试者相比，食物过敏个体具有不同的肠道微生物组，并且菌群失调先于食物过敏的发生。对食物过敏小鼠模型的机制研究证实，肠道微生物群的组成可以在宿主身上留下对食物过敏的易感性或抵抗力，并确定了一个独特的微生物反应性 RORγt 阳性 FOXp3 阳性调节性 T 细胞群，对于食物过敏的发生至关重要。维持对食物的耐受性。有了对微生物群在食物过敏和耐受性中的作用的新认识，旨在改变胃肠道微生物群的疗法正在开发中。在本文中，我们回顾了我们目前对胃肠道微生物群如何导致食物过敏的理解发展的关键里程碑，并讨论了我们对该领域未来的愿景。