Sharks and their cartilaginous relatives are one of the world's most threatened species groups. The primary cause is overfishing in targeted and bycatch fisheries. Reductions in fishing mortality are needed to halt shark population declines. However, this requires complex fisheries management decisions, which often entail trade‐offs between conservation objectives and fisheries objectives. We propose the mitigation hierarchy (MH)—a step‐wise precautionary approach for minimizing the impacts of human activity on biodiversity—as a novel framework for supporting these management decisions. We outline a holistic conceptual model for risks to sharks in fisheries, which includes biophysical, operational and socioeconomic considerations. We then demonstrate how this model, in conjunction with the MH, can support risk‐based least cost shark conservation. Through providing examples from real‐world fishery management problems, we illustrate how the MH can be applied to a range of species, fisheries and contexts, and explore some of the opportunities and challenges hereto. Finally, we outline next steps for research and implementation. This is important in the context of increasing international regulation of shark fishing and trade, which must lead to reductions in shark mortality, while managing trade‐offs between conservation objectives and the socioeconomic value of fisheries.

中文翻译：

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鲨鱼的缓解措施等级：一种基于风险的框架，用于协调鲨鱼保护和渔业目标之间的权衡取舍

鲨鱼及其软骨亲属是世界上受威胁最大的物种之一。主要原因是针对性捕捞和兼捕渔业中的过度捕捞。必须降低捕捞死亡率才能制止鲨鱼种群的减少。但是，这需要复杂的渔业管理决策，这通常需要在保护目标和渔业目标之间进行权衡。我们提出了缓解等级制度（MH），这是一种将人类活动对生物多样性的影响最小化的逐步预防方法，作为支持这些管理决策的新颖框架。我们概述了渔业鲨鱼风险的整体概念模型，其中包括生物物理，操作和社会经济方面的考虑。然后，我们将与MH一起演示该模型如何 可以支持基于风险的最低成本的鲨鱼保护。通过提供来自现实世界渔业管理问题的示例，我们说明了如何将MH应用于一系列物种，渔业和环境，并探讨了其中的一些机遇和挑战。最后，我们概述了研究和实施的后续步骤。在加强对鲨鱼捕捞和贸易的国际监管的情况下，这一点很重要，这必须导致鲨鱼死亡率的降低，同时要在保护目标和渔业社会经济价值之间进行权衡取舍。我们概述了研究和实施的后续步骤。在加强对鲨鱼捕捞和贸易的国际管制的背景下，这一点很重要，这必须导致鲨鱼死亡率的降低，同时要在保护目标和渔业社会经济价值之间进行权衡取舍。我们概述了研究和实施的后续步骤。在加强对鲨鱼捕捞和贸易的国际监管的情况下，这一点很重要，这必须导致鲨鱼死亡率的降低，同时要在保护目标和渔业社会经济价值之间进行权衡取舍。