• Determining where species diversify (cradles) and persist (museums) over evolutionary time is fundamental to understanding the distribution of biodiversity and for conservation prioritization. Here, we identify cradles and museums of angiosperm generic diversity across tropical Africa, one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth.
• Regions containing nonrandom concentrations of young (neo‐) and old (paleo‐) endemic taxa were identified using distribution data of 1719 genera combined with a newly generated time‐calibrated mega‐phylogenetic tree. We then compared the identified regions with the current network of African protected areas (PAs).
• At the generic level, phylogenetic diversity and endemism are mainly concentrated in the biogeographically complex region of Eastern Africa. We show that mountainous areas are centres of both neo‐ and paleo‐endemism. By contrast, the Guineo‐Congolian lowland rain forest region is characterized by widespread and old lineages. We found that the overlap between centres of phylogenetic endemism and PAs is high (> 85%).
• We show the vital role played by mountains acting simultaneously as cradles and museums of tropical African plant biodiversity. By contrast, lowland rainforests act mainly as museums for generic diversity. Our study shows that incorporating large‐scale taxonomically verified distribution datasets and mega‐phylogenies lead to an improved understanding of tropical plant biodiversity evolution.

中文翻译：

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热带非洲通用植物多样性的摇篮和博物馆。

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  确定物种在进化过程中多样化（摇篮）和持续存在（博物馆）的位置对于了解生物多样性的分布和确定保护优先顺序至关重要。在这里，我们确定了热带非洲被子植物属多样性的摇篮和博物馆，热带非洲是地球上生物多样性最丰富的地区之一。
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  使用 1719 个属的分布数据并结合新生成的时间校准的大系统发育树，确定了包含非随机集中的年轻（新）和古老（古）地方性类群的区域。然后，我们将确定的区域与当前的非洲保护区 (PA) 网络进行了比较。
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  在属层面上，系统发育多样性和特有性主要集中在生物地理复杂的东非地区。我们表明山区是新特有现象和古特有现象的中心。相比之下，几内亚-刚果低地雨林地区的特点是分布广泛且古老。我们发现系统发育特有中心和 PA 中心之间的重叠度很高 (> 85%)。
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  我们展示了山脉同时作为热带非洲植物多样性的摇篮和博物馆所发挥的重要作用。相比之下，低地雨林主要充当通用多样性的博物馆。我们的研究表明，结合大规模分类学验证的分布数据集和宏系统发育可以提高对热带植物生物多样性进化的理解。