AIMS To evaluate if neonatal complications or death were poorer for neonates born small for gestational age (SGA) than for those born with adequate weight or large for gestation age (LGA) to women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS Retrospective analysis of the clinical outcomes of neonates born to 3413 women with GDM. The prevalence of neonatal hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperbilirubinemia, polycythaemia, and death was compared among three birthweight groups: SGA, adequate, and LGA. A two-sided chi-squared or Fisher's exact test was used for between-group comparisons. A forward multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the odds ratio (OR) associated with SGA. RESULTS Neonatal complications were more frequent in the SGA group (20.1%) than in the adequate (9.9%) or LGA (15.2%) groups. There were four deaths (1.6%) in the SGA group compared to one in the LGA (0.4%) and six in the adequate (0.2%) groups (P = 0.002). SGA was a risk factor for neonatal complications or death (OR. 2.122; 95% confidence interval, 1.552-2.899), independent of maternal age, weight gain, fasting glucose, glycaemic control, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, smoking, or neonatal prematurity. CONCLUSION SGA birthweight is an important risk factor for neonatal complications or death among neonates born to mothers with GDM.

中文翻译：

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妊娠糖尿病母亲中，胎龄较小的新生儿发生新生儿并发症或死亡的风险增加。

目的评估对于妊娠糖尿病（GDM）妇女而言，小于胎龄（SGA）出生的新生儿的新生儿并发症或死亡是否比具有足够体重或大于胎龄（LGA）的新生儿差。方法回顾性分析3413例GDM妇女的新生儿临床结局。比较了三个出生体重组的新生儿低血糖，低血钙，高胆红素血症，红细胞增多症和死亡的发生率：SGA，足量和LGA。组间比较使用双面卡方或Fisher精确检验。进行前向多元逻辑回归以确定与SGA相关的优势比（OR）。结果SGA组（20.1％）的新生儿并发症发生率高于适当（9.9％）或LGA（15.2％）组的新生儿并发症。有四人死亡（1。SGA组为6％），而LGA组为1个（0.4％），适当组为0.2％（0.2％）为6个（P = 0.002）。SGA是新生儿并发症或死亡的危险因素（OR。2.122； 95％置信区间，1.552-2.899），与孕妇年龄，体重增加，空腹血糖，血糖控制，妊娠高血压，先兆子痫，吸烟或新生儿无关早熟。结论SGA出生体重是GDM母亲出生的新生儿发生新生儿并发症或死亡的重要危险因素。或新生儿早产。结论SGA出生体重是GDM母亲出生的新生儿发生新生儿并发症或死亡的重要危险因素。或新生儿早产。结论SGA出生体重是GDM母亲所生新生儿的重要危险因素。