Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) possess wide requirements for successful drug delivery, due to their superior physicochemical properties such as the well-organized porous structure, the higher volume of pore and surface area, and low in vivo toxicity. Once armed with homing devices such as aptamers (Aps), MSNs can actively be delivered to target sites with minimized off-target side effects and maximized therapeutic effects with a lower dose of the drug. Unique features of Aps (e.g., small size, high stability, structure flexibility, and low or no immunogenicity) make them robust targeting ligands for the development of various DDSs. Considerable researches have been performed on the advancement of different Aps-decorated MSNs for enhanced cancer therapy/imaging with substantial successes even though several crucial issues still remain to be addressed. This review focuses on the development and applications of Aps-armed MSNs as robust targeted DDSs for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and therapy.

介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（MSNs）具有出色的理化特性，例如组织良好的多孔结构，更大的孔和表面积体积以及较低的体内毒性，因此对成功递送药物具有广泛的要求。一旦配备了适配子（Aps）等归巢设备，MSN便可以以最小的脱靶副作用和最大的治疗效果（以较低的药物剂量）有效地传递至目标部位。Aps的独特功能（例如，体积小，稳定性高，结构柔韧性好，免疫原性低或无免疫原性）使它们成为开发各种DDS的强大靶向配体。尽管仍然有一些关键问题有待解决，但已进行了大量研究，研究了各种用Aps修饰的MSN在增强癌症治疗/成像方面的进展，并取得了实质性的成功。这篇综述着重于Aps武装的MSNs的开发和应用，将其作为用于同步癌症诊断和治疗的强大的靶向DDSs。