Detection and characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid APP-BINACA in forensic casework.,Drug Testing and Analysis

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Detection and characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid APP-BINACA in forensic casework.
Drug Testing and Analysis ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-01 , DOI: 10.1002/dta.2698
Alex J Krotulski ₁ , Amanda L A Mohr ₁ , Francis X Diamond ₂ , Barry K Logan _{1,

2}

Affiliation

New psychoactive substances (NPS) continue to emerge around the world. APP‐BINACA (or APP‐BUTINACA), a novel synthetic cannabinoid, was first reported in Europe in January 2019 and later in the United States in March 2019. APP‐BINACA was identified in the United States for the first time in blood sample extracts from forensic casework by liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF‐MS). To date, APP‐BINACA has been identified in 11 forensic toxicology cases from five states and in both medicolegal death investigations and drug impaired driving investigations. APP‐BINACA was commonly found in combination with 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA. Subsequent to its discovery in biological samples, APP‐BINACA was detected and characterized in seized drug material by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS), LC‐QTOF‐MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Further analysis of biological specimens resulted in the identification of five metabolites, including 4‐HO‐APP‐BINACA and APP‐BINACA 3‐phenylpropanoic acid. The frequency of APP‐BINACA detection appears to be increasing and this new synthetic cannabinoid has been identified as a possible contributory factor in adverse events, including death. This is the first literature report regarding the characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid APP‐BINACA in humans. Since it is not widely tested for, it is not yet known the extent to which APP‐BINACA is contributing to morbidity and mortality, but forensic scientists, public health officials, and others should be aware of its possible presence and impact. Laboratories should incorporate APP‐BINACA into testing workflows for detection and confirmation, where possible.

中文翻译：

在法医案件中检测和鉴定新型合成大麻APP-BINACA。

新的精神活性物质（NPS）在世界范围内不断涌现。APP‐BINACA（或APP‐BUTINACA）是一种新型合成大麻素，于2019年1月在欧洲首次报道，随后于2019年3月在美国报道.APP‐BINACA在美国首次在血液样本提取物中被鉴定出来。通过液相色谱四极杆飞行时间质谱（LC-QTOF-MS）进行法医鉴定。迄今为止，APP-BINACA已在五个州的11个法医毒理学案例中以及在法医死亡调查和药物不良驾驶调查中被鉴定出。APP‐BINACA通常与4F‐MDMB‐BINACA结合使用。在生物样品中发现APP‐BINACA之后，通过气相色谱质谱（GC–MS），LC‐QTOF‐MS，和核磁共振（NMR）光谱。对生物学标本的进一步分析导致鉴定出5种代谢物，包括4-HO-APP-BINACA和APP-BINACA 3-苯基丙酸。APP‐BINACA的检测频率似乎正在增加，这种新的合成大麻素已被确定为不良事件（包括死亡）的可能促成因素。这是有关人类中新型合成大麻素APP‐BINACA表征的第一份文献报道。由于尚未对其进行广泛测试，因此尚不清楚APP-BINACA对发病率和死亡率的贡献程度，但法医，公共卫生官员和其他人员应意识到其可能的存在和影响。

更新日期：2019-12-01

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