The xenobiotic metabolism in the lung, an organ of first entry of xenobiotics into the organism, is crucial for inhaled compounds entering this organ intentionally (e.g. drugs) and unintentionally (e.g. work place and environmental compounds). Additionally, local metabolism by enzymes preferentially or exclusively occurring in the lung is important for favorable or toxic effects of xenobiotics entering the organism also by routes other than by inhalation. The data collected in this review show that generally activities of cytochromes P450 are low in the lung of all investigated species and in vitro models. Other oxidoreductases may turn out to be more important, but are largely not investigated. Phase II enzymes are generally much higher with the exception of UGT glucuronosyltransferases which are generally very low. Insofar as data are available the xenobiotic metabolism in the lung of monkeys comes closed to that in the human lung; however, very few data are available for this comparison. Second best rate the mouse and rat lung, followed by the rabbit. Of the human in vitro model primary cells in culture, such as alveolar macrophages and alveolar type II cells as well as the A549 cell line appear quite acceptable. However, (1) this generalization represents a temporary oversimplification born from the lack of more comparable data; (2) the relative suitability of individual species/models is different for different enzymes; (3) when more data become available, the conclusions derived from these comparisons quite possibly may change.

肺中的异源生物代谢是异源生物首先进入生物体的器官，对于吸入的化合物有意（例如药物）和无意（例如工作场所和环境化合物）进入器官至关重要。另外，在肺中优先或排他地发生的酶的局部代谢对于异种生物通过吸入以外的途径进入生物体的有利或毒性作用也很重要。该评价收集的数据表明，在所有研究物种和体外模型的肺中，细胞色素P450的活性通常较低。其他氧化还原酶可能更重要，但尚未进行大量研究。除了通常非常低的UGT葡糖醛酸糖基转移酶以外，II期酶通常更高。在可获得的数据范围内，猴子肺部的异源代谢接近于人肺中的异源代谢。但是，只有很少的数据可用于此比较。小鼠和大鼠肺部次之，兔子次之。在人类体外模型中，培养的原代细胞，例如肺泡巨噬细胞和II型肺泡细胞以及A549细胞系，似乎是可以接受的。但是，（1）这种归纳表示由于缺乏可比较的数据而导致的暂时性过度简化；（2）对于不同的酶，单个物种/模型的相对适用性有所不同；（3）当有更多数据可用时，从这些比较中得出的结论很可能会改变。只有很少的数据可用于此比较。小鼠和大鼠肺部次之，兔子次之。在人类体外模型中，培养的原代细胞，例如肺泡巨噬细胞和II型肺泡细胞以及A549细胞系，似乎是可以接受的。但是，（1）这种归纳表示由于缺乏可比较的数据而导致的暂时性过度简化；（2）对于不同的酶，单个物种/模型的相对适用性有所不同；（3）当有更多数据可用时，从这些比较中得出的结论很可能会改变。只有很少的数据可用于此比较。小鼠和大鼠肺部次之，兔子次之。在人类体外模型中，培养的原代细胞，例如肺泡巨噬细胞和II型肺泡细胞以及A549细胞系，似乎是可以接受的。但是，（1）这种归纳表示由于缺乏可比较的数据而导致的暂时性过度简化；（2）对于不同的酶，单个物种/模型的相对适用性有所不同；（3）当有更多数据可用时，从这些比较中得出的结论很可能会改变。（1）这种概括表示由于缺乏可比性更高的数据而导致的暂时性过度简化；（2）对于不同的酶，单个物种/模型的相对适用性有所不同；（3）当有更多数据可用时，从这些比较中得出的结论很可能会改变。（1）这种概括表示由于缺乏可比性更高的数据而导致的暂时性过度简化；（2）对于不同的酶，单个物种/模型的相对适用性有所不同；（3）当有更多数据可用时，从这些比较中得出的结论很可能会改变。