BACKGROUND Commercially available antiviral drugs, when used in the treatment of viral infections, do not always result in success. This is an urgent problem currently that needs to be addressed because several viruses including influenza and paramyxoviruses are acquiring multi-drug resistance. A potential solution for this emerging issue is to create new antiviral drugs from available compounds of natural products. It is known that the majority of drugs have been developed using compounds derived from actinomycetes, which are naturally occurring gram-positive bacteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiviral properties of extremophilic actinomycetes extracts from strains that were isolated from extreme environments in Kazakhstan. METHODS Five strains of extremophilic actinomycetes isolated from the unique ecosystems of Kazakhstan were extracted and tested for antiviral activity against influenza viruses (strains H7N1, H5N3, H1N1 and H3N2) and paramyxoviruses (Sendai Virus and Newcastle Disease Virus). The antiviral activity of these selected extracts was tested by checking their effect on hemagglutination and neuraminidase activities of the studied viruses. Additionally, actinomycetes extracts were compared with commercially available antiviral drugs and some plant preparations that have been shown to exhibit antiviral properties. RESULTS The main findings show that extracts from strains K-192, K-340, K-362, K-522 and K525 showed antiviral activities when tested using influenza viruses, Sendai Virus, and Newcastle Disease Virus. These activities were comparable to those shown by Rimantadine and Tamiflu drugs, and "Virospan" and "Flavovir" plant preparations. CONCLUSIONS We identified several extracts with antiviral activities against several strains of influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses. Our research findings can be applied towards characterization and development of new antiviral drugs from the active actinomycetes extracts.

中文翻译：

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来自哈萨克斯坦独特生态系统的极端嗜热放线菌提取物的抗病毒活性对流感病毒和副粘病毒。

背景技术当用于治疗病毒感染时，可商购的抗病毒药物并不总是能成功。这是当前急需解决的问题，因为包括流感病毒和副粘病毒在内的几种病毒正在获得多药耐药性。解决这一新兴问题的潜在解决方案是从可用的天然产物化合物中开发出新的抗病毒药物。已知大多数药物是使用源自放线菌的化合物开发的，所述放线菌是天然存在的革兰氏阳性细菌。这项研究的目的是调查从极端环境中分离出的哈萨克斯坦菌株中的极端嗜热放线菌提取物的抗病毒特性。方法从哈萨克斯坦独特的生态系统中分离出五株极端嗜热放线菌，并测试其对流感病毒（H7N1，H5N3，H1N1和H3N2株）和副粘病毒（仙台病毒和新城疫病毒）的抗病毒活性。通过检查它们对所研究病毒的血凝和神经氨酸酶活性的影响，来测试这些选定提取物的抗病毒活性。另外，将放线菌提取物与可商购的抗病毒药和一些已显示出抗病毒特性的植物制剂进行了比较。结果主要发现表明，使用流感病毒，仙台病毒和新城疫病毒进行测试时，菌株K-192，K-340，K-362，K-522和K525的提取物具有抗病毒活性。这些活性与利曼他定和达菲的药物以及“ Virospan”和“ Flavovir”植物制剂所显示的活性相当。结论我们鉴定了几种对几种流感病毒和副粘病毒具有抗病毒活性的提取物。我们的研究发现可用于从活性放线菌提取物中表征和开发新的抗病毒药物。