BACKGROUND The medicinal mushroom Trametes versicolor (Tv, Turkey Tail) is often prepared for consumption as a powder from the fungal mycelium and the fermented substrate on which it grew. The goal for this study was to evaluate the immune-modulating properties of the mycelium versus the fermented substrate, to document whether an important part of the immune-activating effects resides in the metabolically fermented substrate. METHODS Tv mycelium was cultured on rice flour. The mycelium and the fermented substrate were mechanically separated, dried, and milled. The initial substrate served as a control. Aqueous fractions were extracted and passed through 0.22-μm filters. The remaining solids were passed through homogenization spin columns without filtration. The aqueous and solid fractions of the initial substrate (IS), the fermented substrate (FS), and the Trametes versicolor mycelium (TvM) were tested for immune-activating and modulating activities on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures, to examine expression of the CD69 activation marker on lymphocytes versus monocytes, and on the T, NKT, and NK lymphocyte subsets. Culture supernatants were tested for cytokines using Luminex arrays. RESULTS Both aqueous and solid fractions of TvM triggered robust induction of CD69 on lymphocytes and monocytes, whereas FS only triggered minor induction of CD69, and IS had no activating effect. The aqueous extract of TvM had stronger activating effects than the solid fraction. In contrast, the solid fraction of IS triggered a reduction in CD69, below levels on untreated cells. Both aqueous and solid fractions of FS triggered large and dose-dependent increases in immune-activating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6), anti-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10), anti-viral cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-alpha (MIP-1α), as well as Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8). TvM triggered more modest cytokine increases. The aqueous extract of IS showed no effects, whereas the solid fraction showed modest effects on induction of cytokines and growth factors. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the immune-activating bioactivity of a mycelial-based medicinal mushroom preparation is a combination of the mycelium itself (including insoluble beta-glucans, and also water-soluble components), and the highly bioactive, metabolically fermented substrate, not present in the initial substrate.

中文翻译：

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Trametes versicolor（土耳其尾巴）蘑菇的菌丝体及其发酵的底物在体外均显示出强大而互补的免疫激活特性。

背景技术药用蘑菇Trametes versicolor（电视，土耳其尾巴）通常被制备成粉末状食用，其来自真菌菌丝体和其生长的发酵底物。这项研究的目的是评估菌丝体相对于发酵底物的免疫调节特性，以证明免疫活化作用的重要部分是否存在于代谢发酵底物中。方法在米粉上培养电视菌丝体。机械地分离菌丝体和发酵的底物，干燥并研磨。初始底物用作对照。提取水部分，并使其通过0.22-μm的过滤器。剩余的固体不经过滤就通过均质旋转柱。初始底物（IS）的水和固体部分，测试了发酵底物（FS）和云母Trametes杂色菌丝体（TvM）对人外周血单核细胞培养物的免疫激活和调节活性，以检查CD69激活标志物在淋巴细胞与单核细胞以及T上的表达， NKT和NK淋巴细胞亚群。使用Luminex阵列测试培养上清液的细胞因子。结果TvM的水和固体部分均能在淋巴细胞和单核细胞上强烈诱导CD69的诱导，而FS仅能诱导CD69的少量诱导，而IS没有激活作用。TvM的水提取物比固体部分具有更强的活化作用。相反，IS的固体部分触发了CD69的降低，低于未处理细胞的水平。FS的水和固体部分均引发免疫激活的促炎细胞因子（IL-2，IL-6），抗炎细胞因子Interleukin-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1ra）和Interleukin-10的大量且剂量依赖性增加（IL-10），抗病毒细胞因子-γ（IFN-γ）和巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-α（MIP-1α）以及粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）和白细胞介素8（IL- 8）。TvM触发了更适度的细胞因子增加。IS的水提取物显示无作用，而固体部分对细胞因子和生长因子的诱导显示适度的作用。结论结果表明，基于菌丝体的药用蘑菇制品的免疫激活生物活性是菌丝体本身（包括不溶性β-葡聚糖以及水溶性成分）的组合，