Sulfur mustard (SM) is a vesicant chemical warfare agent which affects ocular, respiratory, and cutaneous system. In this study, we aimed to share recent experiences on medical management of chemical casualties that were exposed to SM in Middle East. We reported medical management of 17 contaminated patients. After the evacuation from the hot zone, all chemical casualties should be transferred to the designated intensive care units. After detailed medical decontamination and stabilization, biological samples should be collected from all chemical casualties as soon as possible for the verification of the exposure.Medical history and existing symptoms reveal the clinical diagnosis of SM exposure. Medical management of SM casualties should focus on "good nursing care" including treatment of pain and itching, fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy, respiration and nutrition support. Despite of improved clinical skills, treatment of SM lesions is still non-specific which aims to relieve symptoms and to prevent infections. Existing diagnostic capabilities and treatment approaches could be improved by sharing recent clinical experiences on medical management of SM casualties where there are still important major gaps.

中文翻译：

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中东最近发生的硫芥袭击和卫生专业人员的经验

硫芥 (SM) 是一种会影响眼、呼吸和皮肤系统的起泡化学战剂。在本研究中，我们旨在分享中东地区暴露于 SM 的化学品伤亡人员的医疗管理最新经验。我们报告了 17 名受污染患者的医疗管理。从热区撤离后，所有化学伤员都应转移到指定的重症监护病房。在详细的医学去污和稳定后，应尽快收集所有化学伤员的生物样本，以验证接触情况。病史和现有症状揭示了 SM 接触的临床诊断。SM伤员的医疗管理应注重“良好的护理”，包括治疗疼痛和瘙痒，液体和电解质替代疗法、呼吸和营养支持。尽管临床技能有所提高，但 SM 病变的治疗仍然是非特异性的，旨在缓解症状和预防感染。现有的诊断能力和治疗方法可以通过分享关于 SM 伤员医疗管理的最新临床经验来改进，这些经验仍然存在重大差距。