Abstract Conventional desalination technologies such as distillation and reverse osmosis are well suited for the supply of fresh water at large scale. The expensive infrastructure and high capital, operating, and maintenance costs associated with these technologies, however, limit their application in remote or underdeveloped areas. Here, we show that shock electrodialysis, a recently developed electrokinetic process, can be used to continuously desalinate artificial seawater (3.5 wt. %) for small-scale (≤ 25 m3 day−1 as a long-term goal), decentralized applications. In two steps, 99.8% of the salt fed was rejected, with selectivity for magnesium ions of which > 99.99% were removed (based on measurements of concentration by mass spectrometry). We also demonstrated for the first time the viability of using and continuously recycling solutions of sodium citrate buffer to simultaneously reduce waste and inhibit precipitation reactions in the electrode streams. As with conventional electrodialysis, the energy consumed by our technology can be significantly reduced by desalinating sources that are less saline than seawater, such as brackish water and various industrial or municipal process streams. Since the design of the system and choice of materials have yet to be optimized, there remain ample opportunities to further reduce the cost of desalination by shock electrodialysis.

中文翻译：

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冲击电渗析小规模海水淡化

摘要 蒸馏和反渗透等传统海水淡化技术非常适合大规模供应淡水。然而，与这些技术相关的昂贵的基础设施和高昂的资本、运营和维护成本限制了它们在偏远或欠发达地区的应用。在这里，我们展示了冲击电渗析，一种最近开发的电动过程，可用于小规模（≤ 25 m3 day-1 作为长期目标）的分散应用连续脱盐人工海水（3.5 wt. %）。在两个步骤中，进料的 99.8% 的盐被剔除，选择性去除了 > 99.99% 的镁离子（基于质谱法对浓度的测量）。我们还首次证明了使用和连续回收柠檬酸钠缓冲液的可行性，以同时减少电极流中的浪费和抑制沉淀反应。与传统的电渗析一样，我们的技术所消耗的能源可以通过淡化比海水含盐量低的水源来显着降低，例如苦咸水和各种工业或市政过程流。由于系统的设计和材料的选择还有待优化，因此仍有充足的机会进一步降低冲击电渗析脱盐的成本。我们的技术所消耗的能源可以通过淡化比海水含盐量低的水源来显着减少，例如苦咸水和各种工业或市政流程。由于系统的设计和材料的选择还有待优化，因此仍有充足的机会进一步降低冲击电渗析脱盐的成本。我们的技术所消耗的能源可以通过淡化比海水含盐量低的水源来显着减少，例如苦咸水和各种工业或市政流程。由于系统的设计和材料的选择还有待优化，因此仍有充足的机会进一步降低冲击电渗析脱盐的成本。