Abstract In this work, we reported a novel desalination method, electro-confinement desalination (ECMD), combining electric field and confinement effects using nanofiltration carbon membranes (CM) as the electrode. The ECMD method showed high ions rejection and high energy efficiency. It was found that the optimum potential for rejection of SO42− was −0.4 V (SCE), a steady rejection of 94.89% for SO42− being achieved in the cathode chamber when the feed concentration of Na2SO4 was 500 mg L−1 in water. To remove Na+, we set CM anode chamber to treat the effluent water from the cathode chamber. The rejection of SO42− and Na+ reached 100% and 88.86%, respectively. Besides the high removal of ions, the energy consumption was as low as 1.90 × 10−2 KWh m−3. The application of nanoporous CM and electric field made the desalination process concern adsorption desalination (AD), capacitive deionization (CDI) and electric enhanced confinement membrane desalination (CMD). To understand the contribution of the AD, CDI and CMD to desalination, a series of experiments were conducted. It was found that SO42− removal could be achieved 38.62% by AD, 18.50% by CDI and 80.99% by CMD, respectively. This result suggests that high desalination efficiency was stemmed from multi-effects but mainly from electro-confinement.

中文翻译：

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纳米多孔碳膜电限制膜脱盐

摘要 在这项工作中，我们报道了一种新的脱盐方法，即电限制脱盐（ECMD），它以纳米过滤碳膜（CM）为电极，结合电场和限制效应。ECMD 方法显示出高离子排斥和高能量效率。结果表明，去除 SO42- 的最佳潜力为 -0.4 V (SCE)，当 Na2SO4 在水中的进料浓度为 500 mg L-1 时，阴极室中 SO42- 的稳定去除率为 94.89%。为了去除 Na+，我们设置了 CM 阳极室来处理来自阴极室的出水。SO42- 和 Na+ 的去除率分别达到 100% 和 88.86%。除了高离子去除率外，能耗低至 1.90 × 10-2 KWh m-3。纳米多孔CM和电场的应用使脱盐过程涉及吸附脱盐（AD）、电容去离子（CDI）和电增强限制膜脱盐（CMD）。为了了解 AD、CDI 和 CMD 对海水淡化的贡献，进行了一系列实验。结果表明，AD 的 SO42− 去除率分别为 38.62%、CDI 的 18.50% 和 CMD 的 80.99%。这一结果表明高脱盐效率源于多重效应，但主要来自电禁闭。CDI 为 50%，CMD 为 80.99%。这一结果表明高脱盐效率源于多重效应，但主要来自电禁闭。CDI 为 50%，CMD 为 80.99%。这一结果表明高脱盐效率源于多重效应，但主要来自电禁闭。