The built environment (BE) has been viewed as an important determinant of health. Numerous studies have linked BE exposure, captured using a variety of methods, to diet quality and to area prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. First‐generation studies defined the neighborhood BE as the area around the home. Second‐generation studies turned from home‐centric to person‐centric BE measures, capturing an individual’s movements in space and time. Those studies made effective uses of global positioning system tracking devices and mobile phones, sometimes coupled with accelerometers and remote sensors. Activity space metrics explored travel paths, modes, and destinations to assess BE exposure that was both person and context specific. However, as measures of the contextual exposome have become ever more fine‐grained and increasingly complex, connections to long‐term chronic diseases with complex etiologies, such as obesity, are in danger of being lost. Furthermore, few studies on obesity and the BE have included intermediate energy balance behaviors, such as diet and physical activity, or explored the potential roles of social interactions or psychosocial pathways. Emerging survey‐based applications that identify habitual destinations and associated travel patterns may become the third generation of tools to capture health‐relevant BE exposures in the long term.

中文翻译：

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肥胖与建筑环境：重新评估。


建筑环境（BE）被视为健康的重要决定因素。大量研究已将使用各种方法捕获的BE暴露与饮食质量以及肥胖、糖尿病和心血管疾病的患病率联系起来。第一代研究将邻里 BE 定义为房屋周围的区域。第二代研究从以家庭为中心转向以人为中心的BE测量，捕捉个人在空间和时间上的运动。这些研究有效地利用了全球定位系统跟踪设备和移动电话，有时还结合了加速度计和远程传感器。活动空间指标探索了旅行路径、模式和目的地，以评估特定于人和环境的 BE 暴露。然而，随着背景暴露组的测量变得越来越细粒度和越来越复杂，与具有复杂病因的长期慢性疾病（例如肥胖）的联系面临着失去的危险。此外，很少有关于肥胖和BE的研究包括中间能量平衡行为，例如饮食和身体活动，或探索社会互动或心理社会途径的潜在作用。从长远来看，新兴的基于调查的应用程序可以识别习惯目的地和相关旅行模式，可能成为捕获与健康相关的BE暴露的第三代工具。