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Visualizing bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cells and measuring BLV proviral loads in the milk of BLV seropositive dams
Veterinary Research ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-29 , DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0724-1
Sonoko Watanuki , Shin-nosuke Takeshima , Liushiqi Borjigin , Hirotaka Sato , Lanlan Bai , Hironobu Murakami , Reiichiro Sato , Hiroshi Ishizaki , Yasunobu Matsumoto , Yoko Aida

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects cattle and causes serious problems for the cattle industry, worldwide. Vertical transmission of BLV occurs via in utero infection and ingestion of infected milk and colostrum. The aim of this study was to clarify whether milk is a risk factor in BLV transmission by quantifying proviral loads in milk and visualizing the infectivity of milk. We collected blood and milk from 48 dams (46 BLV seropositive dams and 2 seronegative dams) from seven farms in Japan and detected the BLV provirus in 43 blood samples (89.6%) but only 22 milk samples (45.8%) using BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR-2. Although the proviral loads in the milk tended to be lower, a positive correlation was firstly found between the proviral loads with blood and milk. Furthermore, the infectivity of milk cells with BLV was visualized ex vivo using a luminescence syncytium induction assay (LuSIA) based on CC81-GREMG cells, which form syncytia expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in response to BLV Tax and Env expressions when co-cultured with BLV-infected cells. Interestingly, in addition to one BLV-infected dam with lymphoma, syncytia with EGFP fluorescence were observed in milk cells from six BLV-infected, but healthy, dams by an improved LuSIA, which was optimized for milk cells. This is the first report demonstrating the infectious capacity of cells in milk from BLV-infected dams by visualization of BLV infection ex vivo. Thus, our results suggest that milk is a potential risk factor for BLV vertical spread through cell to cell transmission.

中文翻译:

可视化感染牛白血病病毒(BLV)的细胞并测量BLV血清阳性大坝牛奶中的BLV前病毒载量

牛白血病病毒(BLV)感染牛并给全世界的牛业造成严重问题。BLV的垂直传播通过子宫内感染以及被感染的牛奶和初乳的摄入而发生。这项研究的目的是通过量化牛奶中的前病毒负荷并可视化牛奶的传染性来阐明牛奶是否是BLV传播的危险因素。我们从日本七个农场的48个水坝(46个BLV血清阳性水坝和2个血清阴性水坝)中采集了血液和牛奶,使用BLV-CoCoMoMo-定量PCR-2。尽管牛奶中的前病毒载量趋于降低,但首先发现血液和牛奶的前病毒载量之间存在正相关。此外,使用基于CC81-GREMG细胞的发光合胞体诱导测定法(LuSIA),离体观察乳细胞对BLV的感染性,共培养时BLV Tax和Env的表达会形成合胞体表达增强的绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)感染了BLV的细胞。有趣的是,除了一个BLV感染的淋巴瘤大坝外,还通过改进的LuSIA在六个BLV感染但健康的大坝的乳细胞中观察到了与EGFP荧光合胞体,该LuSIA针对乳细胞进行了优化。这是第一个通过离体观察BLV感染来证明BLV感染大坝牛奶中细胞感染能力的报告。因此,我们的结果表明,牛奶是BLV垂直传播通过细胞到细胞传播的潜在危险因素。当与感染BLV的细胞共培养时,它们会形成合胞体表达增强的绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP),以响应BLV Tax和Env的表达。有趣的是,除了一个BLV感染的淋巴瘤大坝外,还通过改进的LuSIA在六个BLV感染但健康的大坝的乳细胞中观察到了与EGFP荧光合胞体,该LuSIA针对乳细胞进行了优化。这是第一个通过离体观察BLV感染来证明BLV感染大坝牛奶中细胞感染能力的报告。因此,我们的结果表明,牛奶是BLV垂直传播通过细胞到细胞传播的潜在危险因素。当与感染BLV的细胞共培养时,它们会形成合胞体表达增强的绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP),以响应BLV Tax和Env的表达。有趣的是,除了一个BLV感染的淋巴瘤大坝外,还通过改进的LuSIA在六个BLV感染但健康的大坝的乳细胞中观察到了与EGFP荧光合胞体,该LuSIA针对乳细胞进行了优化。这是第一个通过离体观察BLV感染来证明BLV感染大坝牛奶中细胞感染能力的报告。因此,我们的结果表明,牛奶是BLV垂直传播通过细胞到细胞传播的潜在危险因素。除了一个BLV感染的淋巴瘤大坝外,还通过改进的LuSIA在六个BLV感染但健康的大坝的乳细胞中观察到了与EGFP荧光合胞的现象,这种改良的LuSIA已针对乳细胞进行了优化。这是第一个通过离体观察BLV感染来证明BLV感染大坝牛奶中细胞感染能力的报告。因此,我们的结果表明,牛奶是BLV垂直传播通过细胞到细胞传播的潜在危险因素。除了一个BLV感染的淋巴瘤大坝外,还通过改进的LuSIA在六个BLV感染但健康的大坝的乳细胞中观察到了与EGFP荧光合胞的现象,这种改良的LuSIA已针对乳细胞进行了优化。这是第一个通过离体观察BLV感染来证明BLV感染大坝牛奶中细胞感染能力的报告。因此,我们的结果表明,牛奶是BLV垂直传播通过细胞到细胞传播的潜在危险因素。
更新日期:2019-11-29
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