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The magnitude and correlates of esophageal Varices among newly diagnosed cirrhotic patients undergoing screening fibre optic endoscope before incident bleeding in North-Western Tanzania; a cross-sectional study.
BMC Gastroenterology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-29 , DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1123-9
Daniel W Gunda 1, 2 , Semvua B Kilonzo 1, 2 , Zakhia Mamballah 1 , Paulina M Manyiri 2 , David C Majinge 2 , Hyasinta Jaka 2, 3 , Benson R Kidenya 4 , Humphrey D Mazigo 5
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Bleeding esophageal varices is a deadly complication of liver cirrhosis. Guidelines recommend an early diagnosis of esophageal varices before incident bleeding by screening all patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. Though it has been reported elsewhere that the presence of esophageal varices varies widely among cirrhotic patients this has not been assessed in Tanzania since endoscopy is not readily available for routine use in our setting. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of esophageal varices and assess the utility of clinical parameters in predicting the presence of varices among cirrhotic patients in northwestern Tanzania. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of adult patients with liver cirrhosis was done at Bugando Medical Centre. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and endoscopic data were collected and analyzed using STATA 13. The presence of esophageal varices was detected using endoscopic examination and associated factors were assessed by logistic regression. The predictive value of clinical predictors was also assessed by calculating sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS A total of 223 patients were enrolled, where 88 (39.5%; 95%CI: 33.0-45.9) had esophageal varices. The varices were independently associated with increased age (OR: 1.02; 95%CI: 1.0-1.04; p = 0.030); increased splenic diameter (OR:1.3; 95%CI:1.2-1.5; p <  0.001), increased portal vein diameter (OR:1.2; 95%CI: 1.07-1.4; p = 0.003), having ascites (OR: 3.0; 95%CI: 1.01-8.7; p = 0.046), and advanced liver disease (OR: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.3-6.7; p = 0.008). PSDR least performed in predicting varices, (AUC: 0.382; 95%CI: 0.304-0.459; cutoff: < 640; Sensitivity: 58.0%; 95%CI: 46.9-68.4; specificity: 57.0%; 95%CI: 48.2-65.5). SPD had better prediction; (AUC: 0.713; 95%CI: 0.646-0.781; cut off: > 15.2 cm; sensitivity: 65.9%; (95% CI: 55-75.7 and specificity:65.2%; 95%CI: 56.5-73.2), followed by PVD, (AUC: 0.6392; 95%CI: 0.566-0.712;cutoff: > 1.45 cm; sensitivity: 62.5%; 95CI: 51.5-72.6; specificity: 61.5%; 95%CI: 52.7-69.7). CONCLUSION Esophageal varices were prevalent among cirrhotic patients, most of which were at risk of bleeding. The non-invasive prediction of varices was not strong enough to replace endoscopic diagnosis. However, the predictors in this study can potentially assist in the selection of patients at high risk of having varices and prioritize them for endoscopic screening and appropriate management.

中文翻译:

坦桑尼亚西北部发生出血前接受光纤内窥镜筛查的新诊断肝硬化患者中食管静脉曲张的大小和相关性;横断面研究。

背景技术食管静脉曲张破裂出血是肝硬化的致命并发症。指南建议对所有诊断为肝硬化的患者进行筛查,以在发生出血之前尽早诊断食管静脉曲张。尽管在其他地方已有报道,肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张的存在差异很大,但坦桑尼亚尚无评估方法,因为在我们的环境中常规使用内窥镜检查不容易。这项研究旨在确定食管静脉曲张的患病率,并评估临床参数在预测坦桑尼亚西北部肝硬化患者中静脉曲张的存在中的实用性。方法在Bugando医疗中心对成人肝硬化患者进行横断面分析。人口统计,临床,使用STATA 13收集并分析实验室和内窥镜检查数据。使用内窥镜检查检测食管静脉曲张的存在,并通过逻辑回归评估相关因素。还通过计算敏感性和特异性来评估临床预测指标的预测价值。结果共纳入223例患者,其中88例(39.5%; 95%CI:33.0-45.9)有食管静脉曲张。静脉曲张与年龄的增加独立相关(OR:1.02; 95%CI:1.0-1.04; p = 0.030);脾脏积水(OR:1.3; 95%CI:1.2-1.5; p <0.001),门静脉直径增加(OR:1.2; 95%CI:1.07-1.4; p = 0.003),有腹​​水(OR:3.0; 95%CI:1.01-8.7; p = 0.046)和晚期肝病(OR:2.9; 95%CI:1.3-6.7; p = 0.008)。PSDR在预测静脉曲张中最少执行(AUC:0.382; 95%CI:0.304-0.459; 截止:<640; 灵敏度:58.0%;95%CI:46.9-68.4;特异性:57.0%;95%CI:48.2-65.5)。SPD的预测更好;(AUC:0.713; 95%CI:0.646-0.781;截止:> 15.2 cm;灵敏度:65.9%;(95%CI:55-75.7和特异性:65.2%; 95%CI:56.5-73.2),然后PVD(AUC:0.6392; 95%CI:0.566-0.712;临界值:> 1.45 cm;灵敏度:62.5%; 95CI:51.5-72.6;特异性:61.5%; 95%CI:52.7-69.7)。结论在肝硬化患者中普遍存在,其中大多数有出血风险;静脉曲张的非侵入性预测不足以替代内镜诊断;但是,本研究中的预测因素可能有助于选择高风险的患者静脉曲张,并对其进行优先排序以进行内窥镜检查和适当的处理。特异性:57.0%;95%CI:48.2-65.5)。SPD的预测更好;(AUC:0.713; 95%CI:0.646-0.781;截止:> 15.2 cm;灵敏度:65.9%;(95%CI:55-75.7和特异性:65.2%; 95%CI:56.5-73.2),随后PVD(AUC:0.6392; 95%CI:0.566-0.712;临界值:> 1.45 cm;灵敏度:62.5%; 95CI:51.5-72.6;特异性:61.5%; 95%CI:52.7-69.7)。结论在肝硬化患者中普遍存在,其中大多数有出血风险;静脉曲张的非侵入性预测不足以替代内镜诊断;但是,本研究中的预测因素可能有助于选择高风险的患者静脉曲张,并对其进行优先排序以进行内窥镜检查和适当的处理。特异性:57.0%;95%CI:48.2-65.5)。SPD的预测更好;(AUC:0.713; 95%CI:0.646-0.781;截止:> 15.2 cm;灵敏度:65.9%;(95%CI:55-75.7和特异性:65.2%; 95%CI:56.5-73.2),然后PVD(AUC:0.6392; 95%CI:0.566-0.712;临界值:> 1.45 cm;灵敏度:62.5%; 95CI:51.5-72.6;特异性:61.5%; 95%CI:52.7-69.7)。结论食管静脉曲张在肝硬化患者中普遍存在,其中大多数有出血风险;静脉曲张的非侵入性预测不足以替代内镜诊断;但是,本研究中的预测因素可能有助于选择高风险的患者静脉曲张,并对其进行优先排序以进行内窥镜检查和适当的处理。> 15.2厘米;灵敏度:65.9%;(95%CI:55-75.7,特异性:65.2%; 95%CI:56.5-73.2),然后是PVD,(AUC:0.6392; 95%CI:0.566-0.712;临界值:> 1.45 cm;灵敏度:62.5% ; 95CI:51.5-72.6;特异性:61.5%; 95%CI:52.7-69.7)。结论肝硬化患者中食管静脉曲张普遍存在,其中大多数有出血风险。静脉曲张的非侵入性预测不足以替代内窥镜诊断。但是,本研究中的预测因素可能会帮助选择高风险静脉曲张的患者,并优先进行内窥镜检查和适当治疗。> 15.2厘米;灵敏度:65.9%;(95%CI:55-75.7,特异性:65.2%; 95%CI:56.5-73.2),然后是PVD,(AUC:0.6392; 95%CI:0.566-0.712;临界值:> 1.45 cm;灵敏度:62.5% ; 95CI:51.5-72.6;特异性:61.5%; 95%CI:52.7-69.7)。结论肝硬化患者中食管静脉曲张普遍存在,其中大多数有出血风险。静脉曲张的非侵入性预测不足以替代内窥镜诊断。但是,本研究中的预测因素可能会帮助选择高风险静脉曲张患者,并优先进行内窥镜检查和适当处理。95%CI:52.7-69.7)。结论肝硬化患者中食管静脉曲张普遍存在,其中大多数有出血风险。静脉曲张的非侵入性预测不足以替代内窥镜诊断。但是,本研究中的预测因素可能会帮助选择高风险静脉曲张的患者,并优先进行内窥镜检查和适当治疗。95%CI:52.7-69.7)。结论肝硬化患者中食管静脉曲张普遍存在,其中大多数有出血风险。静脉曲张的非侵入性预测不足以替代内窥镜诊断。但是,本研究中的预测因素可能会帮助选择高风险静脉曲张的患者,并优先进行内窥镜检查和适当治疗。
更新日期:2019-11-29
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