In this study, the waste oil of rendered pork (WO-RP) from a food processing industry was studied as a source of biodiesel. The WO-RP was characterized and was found to have a high acid value of 4.30 mg KOH/g. A pre-treatment using H₂SO₄ was done through the standard titration method that resulted in a reduction of acid value to 0.75 mg KOH/g. The transesterification process over the KOH catalyst was carried out and optimized using the central composite design (CCD) using the Design Expert 7.0 software. The optimum conditions were found at 3:1 methanol–oil molar ratio, 0.55% catalyst loading, and 45-min reaction time. At optimum conditions, the biodiesel yield was 95.28 ± 0.15%. Its chemical characteristics were tested in terms of acid value at 0.75 mg KOH/g, ash content at 0.01 wt%, density at 0.86 g/cm³, HHV at 39.98 MJ/kg, water content at 0.10%, and kinematic viscosity at 6.9 mm²/s. The FAME profile shows the presence of linoleic, palmitic, oleic and stearic acid as major fatty acid components and functional group shows carbonyl group with traces of carboxylic at 1719 cm⁻¹ and the sharp peak of esters at 1749 cm⁻¹ indicating that the derived product is biodiesel.

中文翻译：

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食品加工行业提炼猪肉的预处理废油中生物柴油产量的响应面优化

在这项研究中，研究了来自食品加工业的精制猪肉废油（WO-RP）作为生物柴油的来源。对WO-RP进行了表征，发现其酸值为4.30 mg KOH / g。使用H ₂ SO _4进行预处理通过标准滴定法进行操作，结果将酸值降低至0.75 mg KOH / g。在KOH催化剂上进行酯交换反应的过程是通过使用Design Expert 7.0软件的中央复合设计（CCD）进行的，并进行了优化。最佳条件是甲醇与油的摩尔比为3：1，催化剂负载量为0.55％，反应时间为45分钟。在最佳条件下，生物柴油产率为95.28±0.15％。通过酸值为0.75 mg KOH / g，灰分为0.01 wt％，密度为0.86 g / cm ³，HHV为39.98 MJ / kg，水含量为0.10％和运动粘度为6.9时测试其化学特性。毫米²/ s。FAME谱显示存在亚油酸，棕榈酸，油酸和硬脂酸作为主要脂肪酸成分，官能团显示羰基，在1719 cm ^-1处有痕量的羧酸，在1749 cm ^-1处有尖锐的酯峰，表明产品是生物柴油。