Background

Modern lifestyles, especially high-caloric intake and physical inactivity, contribute to the increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which becomes a significant health problem worldwide. Lifestyle changes, however, affect not only parental generation, but also their offspring, reinforcing the need for efficient preventive approaches to deal with this disease. This transgenerational influence of phenotypes dependent on parents (particularly maternal) behaviours may open additional research avenues. Despite persistent attempts to design an effective pharmacological therapy against NAFLD, physical activity, as a non-pharmacological approach, emerges as an exciting strategy.

Scope of Review

Here we briefly review the effect of physical exercise on liver mitochondria adaptations in NAFLD, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial metabolism and transgenerational and epigenetic mechanisms in liver diseases.

Major Conclusions

A deeper look into cellular mechanisms sheds a light on possible effects of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD through modulation of function and structure of particular organelles, namely mitochondria. Additionally, despite of increasing evidence regarding the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of different diseases, the role of microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modification in NAFLD pathogenesis still needs to be elucidated.

中文翻译：

---

体育锻炼和肝脏“健康”：线粒体功能和表观遗传学相关机制在非酒精性脂肪肝中的作用。

背景

现代生活方式，特别是高热量摄入和缺乏运动，导致非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）患病率上升，这已成为全球范围内的重要健康问题。然而，生活方式的改变不仅影响父母的一代，还影响他们的后代，从而加强了对有效预防这种疾病的方法的需求。这种依赖父母（特别是母亲）行为的表型的跨代影响可能会开辟更多的研究途径。尽管一直在努力设计一种针对NAFLD的有效药理疗法，但作为一种非药理学方法，身体活动已成为一种令人兴奋的策略。

审查范围

在这里，我们简要回顾体育锻炼对NAFLD中肝线粒体适应性的影响，强调了线粒体代谢以及肝病中的遗传和表观遗传机制的重要性。

主要结论

对细胞机制的更深入了解揭示了体育活动可能通过调节特定细胞器（即线粒体）的功能和结构来预防和治疗NAFLD的可能影响。此外，尽管有越来越多的证据表明表观遗传机制在不同疾病的发病机理中的作用，但仍需阐明microRNA，DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰在NAFLD发病机理中的作用。