Abstract Sugar beet is one of the main two field crops cultivated to extract sugar. In order to increase the production of sugar beet, it is necessary to identify limiting and reducing factors by quantifying and analyzing yield gap. For this purpose, a crop simulation model was evaluated and used to simulate the storage organ of the sugar beet as well as yield gaps due to water shortage, inappropriate sowing date, and other biotic and abiotic factors at 10 locations of Khorasan Razavi province in northeastern Iran. Results of long-term simulations indicated that the province has a good potential for sugar beet yield with the highest yield of 103.6 t ha−1. However, there is a huge difference between actual production level and simulated attainable one (65.4 t ha−1); the average actual yield was only 32.7 % of the simulated attainable yield. In spite of the large amount of water applied as irrigation by most farmers, there are still water limitations because of water mismanagement, high vapor pressure deficit, and the temperatures occurring during most sensitive the major sugar beet growth stages at most locations. On average, water limitation had a major influence on yield gap (47.5 % of total yield gap) compared with sowing date (15 %) and other limiting and reducing factors (37.5 %). Under these circumstances, farmers must focus on increasing the water productivity of the sugar beet agroecosystem by replacing the current furrow irrigation systems, sowing earlier crops, and substituting sugar beet with crops that have a shorter growing season and are better adapted to the hot and arid climate during summer.

中文翻译：

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在缺水环境中模拟甜菜种植区的产量差距分析

摘要 甜菜是两种主要用于提取糖分的大田作物之一。为了提高甜菜的产量，有必要通过对产量差距的量化和分析来确定限制因素和减少因素。为此，在东北部呼罗珊拉扎维省的 10 个地点，对作物模拟模型进行了评估，并用于模拟甜菜的贮藏器官以及因缺水、播期不当等生物和非生物因素造成的产量差距。伊朗。长期模拟结果表明，该省甜菜产量潜力良好，最高产量为103.6 t ha-1。然而，实际生产水平与模拟可达到水平（65.4 t ha-1）之间存在巨大差异；平均实际产量仅为模拟可达到的产量的 32.7%。尽管大多数农民将大量水用作灌溉，但由于水管理不善、高蒸汽压亏缺以及大多数地点在最敏感的主要甜菜生长阶段出现的温度，仍然存在用水限制。平均而言，与播种日期（15%）和其他限制和减少因素（37.5%）相比，水分限制对产量差距（占总产量差距的47.5%）有重大影响。在这种情况下，农民必须着眼于提高甜菜农业生态系统的水生产力，通过取代目前的沟灌系统，早播作物，用生长季节较短、更适应炎热干旱的作物代替甜菜。夏季气候。由于水管理不善、高蒸汽压不足以及大多数地点在最敏感的主要甜菜生长阶段出现的温度，仍然存在水资源限制。平均而言，与播种日期（15%）和其他限制和减少因素（37.5%）相比，水分限制对产量差距（占总产量差距的47.5%）有重大影响。在这种情况下，农民必须着眼于提高甜菜农业生态系统的水生产力，通过取代目前的沟灌系统，早播作物，用生长季节较短、更适应炎热干旱的作物代替甜菜。夏季气候。由于水管理不善、高蒸汽压不足以及大多数地点在最敏感的主要甜菜生长阶段出现的温度，仍然存在水资源限制。平均而言，与播种日期（15%）和其他限制和减少因素（37.5%）相比，水分限制对产量差距（占总产量差距的47.5%）有重大影响。在这种情况下，农民必须着眼于提高甜菜农业生态系统的水生产力，通过取代目前的沟灌系统，早播作物，用生长季节较短、更适应炎热干旱的作物代替甜菜。夏季气候。以及在大多数地点的主要甜菜生长阶段最敏感的温度。平均而言，与播种日期（15%）和其他限制和减少因素（37.5%）相比，水分限制对产量差距（占总产量差距的47.5%）有重大影响。在这种情况下，农民必须着眼于提高甜菜农业生态系统的水生产力，通过取代目前的沟灌系统，早播作物，用生长季节较短、更适应炎热干旱的作物代替甜菜。夏季气候。以及在大多数地点的主要甜菜生长阶段最敏感的温度。平均而言，与播种日期（15%）和其他限制和减少因素（37.5%）相比，水分限制对产量差距（占总产量差距的47.5%）有重大影响。在这种情况下，农民必须着眼于提高甜菜农业生态系统的水生产力，通过取代目前的沟灌系统，早播作物，用生长季节较短、更适应炎热干旱的作物代替甜菜。夏季气候。