Dietary intake is a key determinant of gastrointestinal microbiota composition. Studies have considered the relationship between gut microbiota and dietary patterns. It is likely that certain plant foods that contain fiber and other bioactive matter may be more likely to drive microbial changes than others; however, study design and other factors can make interpretation of the literature difficult. Fifteen well-controlled, well-defined diet interventions published between 2008 and 2018 using whole, plant foods were evaluated for their influence on gut microbiota. There was limited effect on microbial diversity across studies and modest microbial changes were noted in 10 of 15 studies. More research is needed before specific plant foods can be recommended to improve gut microbiota and ultimately health. Methodologic considerations for future diet and microbiome studies are discussed. Additional research to better understand how specific whole, plant foods influence microbe composition, functionality, and metabolite production is needed, as are mechanistic studies linking diet-induced gut microbe changes to health.

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使用全植物性食物进行饮食干预对肠道微生物组的影响：叙事评论

膳食摄入量是胃肠道微生物群组成的关键决定因素。研究已经考虑了肠道微生物群与饮食模式之间的关系。某些含有纤维和其他生物活性物质的植物性食物可能比其他植物性食物更有可能推动微生物变化；然而，研究设计和其他因素会使文献解释变得困难。评估了 2008 年至 2018 年间发布的 15 项控制良好、定义明确的饮食干预措施，使用全植物性食物对肠道微生物群的影响。跨研究对微生物多样性的影响有限，在 15 项研究中的 10 项中注意到了适度的微生物变化。在推荐特定的植物性食物以改善肠道微生物群并最终改善健康之前，还需要更多的研究。讨论了未来饮食和微生物组研究的方法论考虑。需要进一步研究以更好地了解特定的整体植物性食物如何影响微生物组成、功能和代谢产物的产生，以及将饮食诱导的肠道微生物变化与健康联系起来的机制研究。