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Amyloid-β-independent regulators of tau pathology in Alzheimer disease.
Nature Reviews Neuroscience ( IF 28.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-28 , DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0240-3
Rik van der Kant 1, 2 , Lawrence S B Goldstein 3, 4, 5 , Rik Ossenkoppele 2, 6
Affiliation  

The global epidemic of Alzheimer disease (AD) is worsening, and no approved treatment can revert or arrest progression of this disease. AD pathology is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Genetic data, as well as autopsy and neuroimaging studies in patients with AD, indicate that Aβ plaque deposition precedes cortical tau pathology. Because Aβ accumulation has been considered the initial insult that drives both the accumulation of tau pathology and tau-mediated neurodegeneration in AD, the development of AD therapeutics has focused mostly on removing Aβ from the brain. However, striking preclinical evidence from AD mouse models and patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cell models indicates that tau pathology can progress independently of Aβ accumulation and arises downstream of genetic risk factors for AD and aberrant metabolic pathways. This Review outlines novel insights from preclinical research that implicate apolipoprotein E, the endocytic system, cholesterol metabolism and microglial activation as Aβ-independent regulators of tau pathology. These factors are discussed in the context of emerging findings from clinical pathology, functional neuroimaging and other approaches in humans. Finally, we discuss the implications of these new insights for current Aβ-targeted strategies and highlight the emergence of novel therapeutic strategies that target processes upstream of both Aβ and tau.

中文翻译:

阿尔茨海默病中 tau 病理学的淀粉样蛋白-β 非依赖性调节剂。

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的全球流行正在恶化,并且没有批准的治疗可以逆转或阻止这种疾病的进展。AD 病理学的特征是大脑中淀粉样蛋白-β (Aβ) 斑块和 tau 神经原纤维缠结的积累。AD 患者的遗传数据以及尸检和神经影像学研究表明,Aβ 斑块沉积先于皮质 tau 病理学。由于 Aβ 积累被认为是导致 AD 中 tau 病理积累和 tau 介导的神经退行性变的最初损害,因此 AD 疗法的发展主要集中在从大脑中去除 Aβ。然而,来自 AD 小鼠模型和源自患者的人类诱导多能干细胞模型的惊人临床前证据表明,tau 病理学可以独立于 Aβ 积累而进展,并且出现在 AD 的遗传风险因素和异常代谢途径的下游。本综述概述了临床前研究的新见解,这些新见解涉及载脂蛋白 E、内吞系统、胆固醇代谢和小胶质细胞活化作为 tau 病理学的 Aβ 非依赖性调节因子。这些因素是在临床病理学、功能性神经影像学和人类其他方法的新发现的背景下讨论的。最后,我们讨论了这些新见解对当前 Aβ 靶向策略的影响,并强调了针对 Aβ 和 tau 上游过程的新治疗策略的出现。
更新日期:2019-11-29
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